Untitled Flashcards Set

Sitting Bull

Sioux leader who resisted U.S. policies.

Chief Joseph

Leader of the Nez Perce, known for his unsuccessful escape to Canada.

Battle of Little Bighorn

1876 battle where Sioux and Cheyenne forces defeated U.S. troops.

Wounded Knee Massacre

1890 event where U.S. troops killed hundreds of Sioux, ending Native resistance.

American Federation of Labor

National federation of labor unions founded in 1886 that continues today.

Dawes Act

Authorized the President to break up reservation land into small allotments.

Ghost Dance

Movement that ended with the Wounded Knee Massacre.

Gilded Age

Period characterized by political corruption and wealth inequality in the late 1800s.

Gospel of Wealth

Philosophy that wealthy Americans bear responsibility to use their wealth for the greater good.

Great Railroad Strike

1877 strike that spread across multiple states after wage cuts for railroad workers.

Haymarket Square Riot

Violent confrontation in Chicago that highlighted the labor movement's struggles.

Homestead Act

1862 law allowing citizens to claim 160 acres of government land.

Lynching

Illegally killing someone by mob action, often without a fair trial.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation in public facilities in the South.

Knights of Labor

Labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially in the 1880s.

Laissez-faire

Economic system free from government intervention.

Poll tax

Tax that must be paid to vote, often used to restrict voting rights.

Social Darwinism

Philosophy suggesting that certain individuals are naturally superior.

Transcontinental Railroad

First continuous railroad line across the U.S., completed in 1869.

Sand Creek Massacre

1864 unprovoked attack by federal troops on Cheyenne and Arapaho villagers.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Legislation prohibiting activities that restrict interstate commerce and competition.

Push and Pull Factors

Reasons for emigration (push) and reasons for settling in a new place (pull).

Robber Barons

Term describing ruthless business magnates during the Gilded Age.

Ida B. Wells

Investigative journalist and early civil rights leader.

Andrew Carnegie

Industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry.

Thomas Edison

Inventor known for the incandescent light bulb and other major inventions.

William “Boss” Tweed

Political boss of Tammany Hall known for corrupt practices.

Frederick Jackson Turner

Historian known for his 'frontier thesis' about American history.

Ulysses S. Grant

18th President and Union general during the Civil War.

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th President known for ending Reconstruction policies.

Grover Cleveland

The only U.S. President to serve two non-consecutive terms.

James Garfield

20th President known for his anti-corruption efforts.

Chester A. Arthur

21st President, noted for his assimilation policies regarding Native Americans.

Benjamin Harrison

23rd President known for his 'front-porch' campaign style.