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Part to Whole
Attributes the qualities of a part to the entire entity as a whole.
Ex: Because one employee is rude, the entire company must also be rude.
Correlation =/= Causation
Common flaw of mistaking a correlation (things having some sort of relationship) to a causal relation (that one is caused by the other)
Relative to Absolute Flaw
A flaw in which, because a thing is more likely to occur relative to the other options, it will definitely occur.
Insufficient Proof = Untrue
This flaw occurs when an author accepts a conclusion because someone else provided insufficient evidence for the contrary conclusion.
Ex: Kate’s argument that soccer is the best is insufficient. Therefore, soccer is not the best.
Source Attack
This flaw occurs when a conclusion is drawn by attacking a person rather than giving substantial evidence to support the conclusion.
Ex: Kate wants the deal. I don’t like Kate. Therefore, we should not accept the deal.
Appeal to Authority
This flaw occurs when a conclusion is supported because someone of authority said so.
Ex: Kate wants the proposal. Kate is President. Therefore, we should accept the proposal.