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Geocentric Theory
idea that planets revolved around Earth
Who came up with the Geocentric Theory?
Aristotle
Scientific Revolution
beginning of the 1500s when thinkers began to question the ideas of ancient thinkers
Nicolaus Copernicus
first thought of the Heliocentric Theory
Heliocentric Theory
that Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
Why did people not believe in Heliocentric Theory?
went against religious views at the time
Tycho Brahe
studied planetary movements and gathered data but died before he could release his discovery
Johannes Kepler
Tycho Brahe's assistant who found out that the Heliocentric Theory was correct
Galileo
Italian scientist who made astronomic discoveries and invented the telescope
Galileo's key discoveries?
Moon was rough and uneven and that the Sun had dark spots on it
Scientific Method
logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas
Francis Bacon
English writer who believed scientists should experiment and then draw conclusions
Rene Descartes
French mathematician who created analytical geometry
Who created the Scientific Method?
Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
English mathematician who discovered gravity
Deism
belief that God created this orderly universe and is a clockmaker who set everything into motion/universe is like a giant clock
Galen
dissected pigs and assumed human anatomy was the same
Andreas Vesalius
proved Galen wrong by dissecting human corpses and publishing his discoveries
Edward Jenner
created the first vaccine
Who is considered the "Father of Modern Chemistry"
Robert Boyle
Enlightenment
intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
Thomas Hobbes
believed people were naturally selfish and wicked
What was Hobbe's idea of the best government?
having a social contract where people give up with rights to a ruler in return they get law and order
John Locke
believed people could learn from their experiences and better themselves
What did John Locke believe people were naturally born into?
the rights of life, liberty, and property
Philosophes
French word for "philosphers"
Philosophe's five core concepts?
reason, nature, happiness, progress, liberty,
Rationalism
belief that truth could be discovered through reason and logical thinking
Voltaire
used satire against his opponents and fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and speech
Montesquieu
came up with the idea of checks and balances and thought Britain was the best-governed nation
Rosseau
philosopher who fought for individual freedom
Beccaria
fought for abolishment of torture
Salons
social gathering where philosophers, writers, artists, and scientists would discuss ideas
Diderot
Enlightenment writer who made the first Encyclopedia
Baroque
grand, ornate designs in architecture and paintings
Neoclassical
simple and elegant designs in architecture and paintings
Mary Astell
writer who addressed lack of educational opportunities for women and used Enlightenment ideas to support her claim
Mary Wollstonecraft
believed women should get an education and encouraged women to go into fields of politics and medicine
Enlightened Despots
monarchs that embraced Enlightenment ideas
Fredrick the II
Prussian king who granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, and improved education
Joseph the II
Austrian king who granted freedom of press and had more educational opportunities
Catherine the Great
wanted religious toleration and abolishing torture and ended up expanding her country before she died
Navigation Act
prevented colonists from selling their most valuable items to any other country aside from Britain
Stamp Act
having to pay taxes for official stamps being put on newspapers, wills, deeds, and other printed materials
Boston Tea Party
rebellion movement on the colony's side after Britain taxed tea
Thomas Jefferson
wrote the Declaration of Independence
What inspired the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke's ideas
Ideas of the Declaration of Independence?
life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
Federal System
legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch
Bill of Rights
ten amendments to the Constitution
Note 
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