Human Body Systems; Respiratory Unit

alveol-

small cavity

inhal-

to breathe in

Ventilation

movement of air in and out of the lungs

External respiration

exchange of gases between lungs and blood

cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

blood vessels in nose

warm air as it passes over it to protect delicate lung tissue

mucus

entrap dust/small particles entering within air

pharynx location

posterior to nasal cavity and oral cavity and anterior to larynx

function of larynx

contains vocal cord

function of epiglottis

flap-like structure that covers trachea when swallowing food/liquid

What keeps the trachea from collapsing?

C-shaped cartilaginous rings

What are the first 3 branches of the bronchial tree?

1. trachea

   2. primary bronchus (r and l)

   3. secondary/lobar bronchi

   4. tertiary/segmental bronchi

What makes up the respiratory membrane?

alveolar and capillary walls

what moves across the respiratory membrane?

resp. gases (o2 to capillaries, co2 back to alveoli)

Describe the steps of inspiration/inhalation.

Diaphragm contracts and moves down, volume of thoracic cavity increases, pressure decreases, and air rushes in.

Describe how expiration works.

when the diaphragm relaxes and the lung tissues recoil, causing V dec. and P inc., so air rushes out

spir-

to breathe

-oxia

Oxygen

cyan-

blue

pneumo-

lungs

pulmonary

lungs

-pnea

breathing

rhin-

nose

pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

passageway of air from nasal cavity to alveoli

Nasal cavity-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli

Group of disorders that affect the ability to get oxygen into the lungs.

COPD

pneumonia

An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid

emphysema

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

lung cancer

a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung

smoking

chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, and heart disease can be caused by this

diaphragm

a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs.

inspiration/inhalation

The diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing the size of the chest cavity

expiration (exhalation)

relaxation of rib muscles and diaphragm; ribs move down and in, diaphragm rises

epiglottis

a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing

alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

lung lobes

2 on the left, 3 on the right

Oxygen diffuses

from alveoli to capillaries

Carbon dioxide diffuses

from the capillaries across the epithelium and into the air space