Skeletal System

Components of skeletal system

Bone and cartilage

Define articular/hyaline cartilage

Support with some flexibility = on bone ends in joint

Define fibrocartilage

Resists compression and absorbs pressure = intervertebral discs

Define elastic cartilage

Firms but elastic support, allows from stretch but recoil = pinna of ear

Define “in lacuna”

Spaces within cartilage matrix that cells exist within

Functions of skeletal system

Protection of underlying tissues, structural support for soft tissues, muscle attachment, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, triglyceride storage, blood cell production

Define axial skeleton

Bones down midline of the body - skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

Define appendicular skeleton

Limbs and their connective girdles - scapula/clavicle, pelvis, limb bones

Bones of skull need to know

Frontal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, mandible, maxilla

Vertebrae bones

Seven cervical, twelve thoracic, five lumbar, one fused sacrum and one fused coccyx

Vertebral curves

Normal curves produce strength, flexibility, ability to absorb shock

Two normal anterior = cervical and lumbar, two normal posterior = thoracic and sacrococcygeal

Define bone marking

Structural features that provide a specific function

Define depressions/openings

Passageways for blood vessels, nerves, ligaments and tendons

Define projections/process

Bone growth that form part of joints or provide attachment points for ligaments, tendons or muscles

Depressions and openings in skull

Orbit (eye socket), mental foramen, foramen magnum, fissure, canal

Processes for attachment

Crest, epicondyle, spinous process, trochanter, tuberosity, tubercle

Processes for articulation

Condyle = large protuberance within smooth articular surface

Facet - smooth, flat articular surface

Head = rounded articular projection supported by a neck of bone