Motion of Particles Quiz

State of matter

The physical form matter takes as determined by the arrangement and the motion of its atoms or molecules.

Solid

The state of matter in which atoms or molecules are closely packed and touching one another in fixed positions.

Gas

The state of matter in which atoms or molecules are completely separated from one another by empty space and can move around independently of one another.

Pressure

The amount of force exerted over a certain area.

Melting point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid as thermal energy is added to it.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas as thermal energy is added to it.

Thermal energy

The total energy related to the motion of the atoms and molecules in an object or sample of matter.

Temperature

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.

Heat

Thermal energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one.

Evaporate

To change state from a liquid to a gas at the surface of a liquid.

Sublime

To change state from a solid to a gas.

Condense

To change state from a gas to a liquid.

Deposit

To change state from a gas to a solid.

Solid characteristics

Definite shape, fixed volume, tightly packed particles that vibrate but do not pass one another.

Liquid characteristics

Indefinite shape (takes the shape of the container), fixed volume, closely packed particles that slide past one another.

Gas characteristics

Indefinite shape, expands to fill container, not fixed volume, particles are far apart and move quickly.

Phase change: Melting

Energy is absorbed when a solid changes to a liquid.

Phase change: Freezing

Energy is released when a liquid changes to a solid.

Phase change: Condensation

Energy is released when a gas changes to a liquid.

Phase change: Evaporation

Energy is absorbed when a liquid changes to a gas.

Phase change: Sublimation

Energy is absorbed when a solid changes directly to a gas.

Phase change: Deposition

Energy is released when a gas changes directly to a solid.

Effect of temperature on state changes

As temperature increases, a substance changes from solid to liquid to gas.

Effect of pressure on state changes

As pressure increases, a substance can change from gas to liquid to solid.

Heat transfer

Heat goes from a hotter object to a cooler object.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

The theory that states that matter is composed of a large number of small particles that are in constant motion, and this motion is related to temperature and pressure.