Botany and Plant Science Glossary

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the field of Botany and Plant Science.

What is the term for the surface facing the main axis of a structure in plants?

Adaxial

What stage follows metaphase during cell division?

Anaphase

What is the technical term for flowering plants?

Angiosperms

What is the male reproductive organ of a flowering plant called?

Androecium

What term describes morphologically different gametes?

Anisogamous

What is the name of the ringlike structure in mushrooms that forms around the stalk?

Annulus

What is the terminal part of the stamen that produces pollen?

Anther

What are the organs called that produce male gametes in ferns, bryophytes, and algae?

Antheridia

What are the structures that bears antheridia in plants?

Antheridiophores

What are motile male gametes produced in antheridia called?

Antherzoids

What are the water-soluble pigments responsible for red and blue colors in plants?

Anthocyanins

What is the female sex organ in bryophytes and ferns known as?

Archegonia

What is the average defined as in statistics?

The result obtained by dividing the sum of several quantities by the number of quantities added.

What spore is formed by meiosis in basidiomycete fungi?

Basidiospores

What is a club-shaped cell in basidiomycete fungi that produces basidiospores?

Basidium

What term refers to the small non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts?

Bryophyte

What protects the developing sporophyte in bryophytes?

Calyptra

What is the collective term for the outer whorl of a flower?

Calyx

What meristematic tissue produces secondary growth in roots and shoots?

Cambium

What class of biological molecules includes sugars and starch?

Carbohydrate

What pigment is responsible for the orange or yellow color in plants?

Carotene

What is the female reproductive structure in angiosperm flowers called?

Carpel

What is the layer of corky cells in the endodermis of roots called?

Casparian strip

What is the protective outer layer that surrounds plant cells?

Cell wall

What type of biological structure is found in fungal cell walls?

Chitin

What is the principal light-capturing pigment in plants?

Chlorophyll

What is a significant group of unicellular and multicellular green algae called?

Chlorophyta

What is the green organelle in plants where photosynthesis takes place?

Chloroplast

What process separates compounds based on their affinity for a solvent?

Chromatography

What structure carries the genetic information in cells?

Chromosomes

What describes fungal or algal tissue without cell walls separating protoplasts?

Coenocytic

What is the sheath that protects the germinating shoot of some monocots?

Coleoptile

What type of supporting tissue has elongated cells in plants?

Collenchyma

What is the column of sterile cells in bryophyte capsules called?

Columella

What do we call the asexual spore produced by fungi?

Conidia

What is the structure that bears conidia in fungi?

Conidiophores

What is the fusion of two gametes known as?

Conjugation

What is the storage portion of a plant embryo called?

Cotyledon

What are the collective petals of a flower known as?

Corolla