Lecture 1 Part 1 - Chapter 18 Part A

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, focusing on the structure and function of the heart.

Heart Anatomy

The structure and components of the heart, including chambers, valves, and blood vessels.

Pulmonary Circuit

The pathway of circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Systemic Circuit

The pathway of circulation that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body.

Atria

The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body (right atrium) and lungs (left atrium).

Ventricles

The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the lungs (right ventricle) and the body (left ventricle).

Pericardium

A double-walled sac that encloses and protects the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer.

Epicardium

The outermost layer of the heart wall, also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Myocardium

The middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle that contracts to pump blood.

Endocardium

The innermost layer of the heart wall that lines the heart chambers and covers the heart valves.

Cardiac Tamponade

A condition caused by excess fluid in the pericardial cavity that compresses the heart, affecting its ability to pump blood.

Tricuspid Valve

The atrioventricular valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction.

Mitral Valve

The atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction.

Semilunar Valves

Valves located between the ventricles and major arteries that prevent backflow into the ventricles.

Coronary Circulation

The functional blood supply to the heart muscle, providing the necessary oxygen and nutrients.

Angina Pectoris

Chest pain caused by a temporary decrease in blood flow to the heart muscle, often a symptom of coronary artery disease.

Myocardial Infarction

A heart attack, which occurs when there is a prolonged blockage of blood supply to the heart muscle, resulting in tissue death.

Chambers of the Heart

The four compartments of the heart, comprised of two atria and two ventricles, that receive and pump blood.