Solutions, Mixtures, Acids, Bases, and pH

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to solutions, mixtures, acids, bases, and the pH scale, based on the provided lecture notes.

SOLUTIONS

Homogenous mixtures where components are dissolved and permanently equally distributed.

SOLUTES

Chemicals that dissolve into a solution.

SOLVENT

The chemical that a solute/solutes dissolve into.

HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES

Chemicals that don't dissolve in water and are unable to form a solution with water; include molecules that only contain non-polar covalent bonds.

HYDROPHILIC SUBSTANCES

Chemicals that can dissolve in water and can form a solution in water; include molecules with one or more polar covalent bonds and/or ionic bonds.

HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE

A mixture where the components/chemicals are equally distributed.

SUSPENSIONS

Homogenous mixtures where components are temporarily distributed equally but eventually become a heterogenous mixture over time.

COLLOIDS

Also known as 'gels', these are homogenous mixtures that are a cross between suspensions and solutions, where a compound is partially suspended and partially dissolved.

ACIDS

Chemicals that produce hydrogen cations (H+) when mixed into a solution.

BUFFERS

Chemicals that react with hydrogen and hydroxide ions and thereby remove H+ and OH- from a solution, making the solution neutral, less acidic, or less basic.

BASES

Chemicals that produce hydroxide anions (OH-) when mixed into H2O.

pH SCALE

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 to 14.

ACIDIC SOLUTION (pH)

A solution with a pH between 0 and 6.9, indicating it contains hydrogen ions.

BASIC/ALKALINE SOLUTION (pH)

A solution with a pH between 7.1 and 14, indicating it contains hydroxide ions.

NEUTRAL SOLUTION (pH)

A solution with a pH of 7.0, meaning it has equal amounts of H+ and OH- or none at all.