APUSH Second Industrial Revolution, Progressive Movement

what were the causes of the Second Industrial Revolution?

natural resources, abundant labor supply, strong government policy, new sources of power, technological inventions, entrepreneurial class, infrastructure

what did Charles Goodyear invent?

invents the process of vulcanizing rubber

what did Thomas Edison invent?

discovers what type of filament will burn inside of a vacuum (lightbulb)

what did Christopher Sholes invent?

typewriter

what did Elias Howe invent?

sewing machine

what did Samuel FB Morse invent?

telegraph, later morse code

what did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

telephone

monopoly

owns all parts of a business

trust

groups of companies combine to reduce competition

what was the greatest invention at the World's Fair in Chicago?

the Ferris Wheel by George Ferris

Cornelius Vanderbilt

person who began business with steamboats. moved to railroads, then gained a monopoly in the railroad business

John Rockefeller

person who started in kerosene / whale oil, moved to oil refining, gave back to the community a lot (Rockefeller Foundation), had a monopoly in the oil industry, was brought down by Roosevelt

Andrew Carnegie

person who invents a way to manufacture steel at a cheaper price, preached the Gospel of Wealth, gave back to the less fortunate, had a monopoly on steel

Gospel of Wealth

the belief that you should give back to the community / dying with your money is pointless, the rich have a duty to serve society

JP Morgan

banker, financier, bailed out the US government for $65 million, known as King of the Merger - bought out Edison (General Electric) and Carnegie (US Steel Company)

Interstate Commerce Act

created a commission to oversee the railroads and see if they are charging fair prices since they have a monopoly on transportation

Sherman Antitrust Act

outlaws monopolies and trusts

do the Interstate Commerce Act or Sherman Antitrust Act work?

no due to bribery, but they are the first attempts against laissez faire government

laissez faire conservatism

first introduced by Adam Smith, belief that the government should "let do" / business would prosper if government stayed out

Social Darwinism

belief that only the fit will survive in both nature and society, justifies poverty and industrial leader's successes, Herbert Spencer, William Graham Sumner

Social Gospel

the belief that Christians have a responsibility to confront social problems, brings back premillennialism

premillennialism

the belief that God will come back when we create a perfect society

what is the significance of strikes?

it shows that there is no agency / laws to protect worker's rights

Pullman Strike of 1894

workers went on a strike which crippled transportation due to lower wages but same prices

Jacob Riis

he forced people to realize that poverty exists in the USA by taking pictures of slums in NY and publishing it in a book (How the Other Half Lives)

Muckrakers

term coined by Theodore Roosevelt for investigative journalists that expose corruption

Upton Sinclair

wrote The Jungle to increase socialism and bash communism, but instead spread awareness about the disgusting food handling in factories

Ida M Tarbell

muckraker who exposes Rockefeller through her critical history of the Standard Oil Company

Settlement House Movement

began by Jane Addams, creates settlement houses which provided aid to the poor and show Americans that it's okay to help the poor

Hull House

part of the Settlement House Movement, creates the first daycare

what were some improvements in labor?

minimum age for child laborers, maximum hours and minimum wages for women, workmen's compensation provided

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony

led the women's rights movement - stopped by the Civil War and brought back by the 15th Amendment, Stanton wrote speeches that Anthony would give

what were some advancements in the women's rights movement post-Civil War?

NAWSA, National Women's Party, 19th Amendment

what are the antisuffragist arguments?

voting will corrupt women, it will change the traditional roles of society, women could not mentally or physically handle voting

what are the suffragist arguments?

voting would allow women to clean up politics, women will vote for legislation to help children, why follow the laws of a country in which you have no say?

Carrie Chapman Catt

conservative leader of NAWSA, believes in being nice to the congressmen to get their way

Alice Paul

extremely radical, Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain, starts the National Women's Party

Temperance Movement

picked up again after the Civil War, Carry A Nation, originally failed due to a split of whether to ban all alcohol or just liquor, only partially successful due to the 18th Amendment, women and factories supported

local reform

city managers replaced corrupt mayors

state reform

mostly involve giving the people more power in the government, Roosevelt appointed Battle Bob LaFollette who made changes in state taxes, conservation reforms, initiative, referendum, and recall

the Square Deal

Roosevelt's domestic policy, control of corporations, consumer protection, conservation of natural resources

Anthracite Coal Strike

large coal strike that is important because the federal government backs the workers for the first time

Meat Inspection Act

starts federal inspection of the meatpacking industry

Pure Food and Drug Act

requires things sold to be true to the name

national parks

Roosevelt put 125 million acres on reserve

William Howard Taft

picked by Roosevelt to be his successor, later becomes a Supreme Court Justice, Payne Aldrich Tariff, fires Gifford Pinchot, 16th Amendment, 80 antitrust suits -TRUST BUSTER

Payne Aldrich Tariff

increased tariffs

what is the significance of Taft firing Gifford Pinchot?

chief forester of the nation appointed by Roosevelt (in charge of national park system), Taft fires him, Roosevelt gets angry at Taft and decides to run in the election of 1912 as a 3rd party candidate

16th Amendment

creates an income tax

Woodrow Wilson

president after Taft, Triple Wall of Privilege - Tariffs, Banks, Trusts, Underwood Simmons Tariff, Federal Reserve Act, Clayton Antitrust Act

Underwood Simmons Tariff

lowers tariffs

Federal Reserve Act

creates 12 federal reserve banks

Clayton Antitrust Act

outlaws trusts and monopolies again (successful)