Science thingy i forgot the name

Hypothesis

A testable prediction or explanation for an observation, often written in an "If..., then..." format.

Independent Variable

The factor in an experiment that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the scientist.

Dependent Variable

The factor being measured or observed in an experiment; it changes in response to the independent variable.

Controlled Variable/Constants

The factors in an experiment that must be kept exactly the same across all setups to ensure a fair test.

Control or Control Group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable, used as a baseline for comparison.

Graduated Cylinder

A narrow, tall laboratory tool marked with a scale used to precisely measure the volume of liquids.

Meniscus

The curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube, measured at the lowest point of the curve for accuracy.

Beaker

A wide, cylindrical glass container with a pouring lip used for mixing, stirring, and heating liquids in a lab.

Test Tube

A thin, hollow glass tube with an open top and a rounded u-shaped bottom used to hold small amounts of material.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive information gathered using the five senses that does not involve numbers (e.g., color, texture, smell).

Quantitative Data

Numerical information gathered through measurements or counting (e.g., mass, length, temperature).

Observation

The act of using one or more of your senses or tools to gather data and note specific facts or occurrences.

Conclusion

A final judgment or summary based on experimental data that states whether the hypothesis was supported or refuted.

Acid Base Reaction vs. Expansion

An acid-base reaction is a chemical process where an acid and a base neutralize each other, while expansion is a physical process where matter spreads out or increases in volume without creating new substances.

The Big Bang Theory

The leading scientific cosmological model explaining that the universe began from an extremely hot, dense point and has been expanding outward ever since.

Evidence for the Big Bang

The three primary scientific pillars supporting the early expansion of the universe: Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, Redshift of distant galaxies, and the specific abundance of Hydrogen and Helium.