MATERIALS (GLASS)

Obsidian and Tektites

Stone age man is believed to have used cutting tools made of these materials.

Obsidian

a natural glass of volcanic origin

Tektites

naturally formed glasses of extra terrestrial or other origin.

Phoenician merchants transporting stone

Discovered glass in the region of Syria around 5000 BC.

3500 bc

The earliest man-made objects, mainly non-transparent glass beads, are thought to date back to around

Glassware in Egypt

Started early as 1375 BC as proven by the discovery of a glass furnace in Tell-et-Amana, which is consisted of small objects made and modeled in mosaic and blown technique.

Mosiac Glass

Varicoloured glass canes were lightly fused together to form one tick rod extended for the required length and thickness. When hard, it was sliced laterally, so each slice had a colored pattern on it.

Millefiori glass

is a type of mosaic glass, with colorful flower patterns.

Mesopotamian Glass

The oldest records of glass are found here dating to as far back as 1700 BC. Assyrian glass, specifically, was the Egyptian glass contemporary, employing similar processes.

Roman Glass

Started in 1st century BC and was developed in all the phases of glassmaking. The glass objects of that period are generally named _, as they are characterized by Filigree, mosaic and engraved decors.

Alabaster or mica

In Roman architecture, translucent sheets of _ or __were commonly used as the window material, and was the first time used to enclose wall openings.

Cameo glass

perfected by the Romans, this is the process of grinding away the upper of two superimposing layers of glass to leave a design standing on a ground of contrasting color usually white of dark blue.

Phoenician glass

also called as Roman glass, refers to the products of the entire Mediterranean what were transported by Phoenician merchants during the Roman empire. This was in the form of embedded colored glass in clear forms similar to the 19th century paperweights.

Doppelwand glass

enclosed etched gold or silver designs between two clear panels.

Snake-Thread Glass

flasks and goblets decorated with ribbons usually of colored glass trailed on in fantastic patterns with a transverse ribbed effect.

Venetian Glass

Glassmaking was revived in Venice. Glassmakers of the Island of Murano developed soda-lime, and they termed this thin and clear glass Cristallo.

Aventurine glass

glass that include glittering gold particles.

Murano glass

named after a suburb in Venice that produced exceptionally light and delicate glass mouled into extraordinary shapes in every variety of color and because of its thickness it was never cut.

French Glass

First production occurred in 1665 when large plate mirrors were used in the "Gallerie des Glaces" at Versailles Palace.

Baccarat

is a water clear bubble free product. It was first made in Baccarat, France, with a leaden composition. Although colored various colors is made, the clear crystal produced is much greater than the colored crystal.

Lalique

invented by Rene Lalique in the early 20th century. It produced luminous transparent glass ornamented by pressing and by alternating polished and dull surfaces. It produced decorative glass and figurines in the tradition of the Art Noveau movement, and was a reaction against the industrialized way of making glass where everything was machine made.

English Glass

In 1675, George Ravenscroft, an Englishman, made a discovery that revolutionized the glass making. While trying to imitate the finely-cut glass of the Venetians, he added lead-oxide to the raw materials and produced a glass that was heavier, stronger, more brilliant and easier to work with.

Bristol Glass

The rarest and most interesting of _ is the white, opaque milky glass, known as Milk Glass. In tint it resembles porcelain or Battersea enamel. The color is a solid white and, when held to the light, is translucent to about the same extent as Oriental Porcelain.

Irish Glass

Glass works flourished in Ireland, during the 18th and 19th centuries. Irish glass is very tough, it sings with a clear note when struck

American Glass

The beginning of the 20th century saw the emergence of art nouveau glass shapes and decoration in the United States.

Stiegel Glass

developed by a German names Henri William Stiegel. He came to America in 1750 and established an iron foundry in Pennsylvania. He concentrated in making window glass and various types of bottles.

Wistarburg Ware

developed by Caspar Wistar in Salem New Jersey in 1739. It is usually blown, and were ornamental forms having a generally heavy, crude, and elementary appearance. Wistar is credited with having made the first flint glass in America.

Tiffany Glass

also known as Favrile glass invented by Louis Comfort Tiffany of New York. He developed an iridescent glass of great brilliance and luster with flowing shapes that influenced glassmakers in Central Europe.

Peking Glass

made in Peking during the reign of Emperor K'ang His, patiently carved in the form of small, traditionally shaped vases and snuff bottles in clear solid colored and overlay glass in two or more colors. Highly prized are snuff bottles painted on their interior surfaces with figures and landscape.