Body Structure and Oncology Lecture Notes

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering oncology terms, laboratory tests, body structure, tissues, systems, and pathology terminology.

Oncology

The study of tumors.

Adenocarcinoma

Cancerous glandular tissue.

Adenoma

Bening glandular tissue.

Carcinoma

Cancerouse tumor.

Epithelinoma

Tumor of epithelial tissue.

Fibroma

Benign fibrous tissue.

Fibrosarcoma

Cancerous fibrous tissue.

Leiomyoma

Bening smooth muscle.

Leiomyosarcoma

Cancerous smooth muscle.

Lipoma

Bening fat tissue.

Liposarcoma

Cancerous fat tissue.

Melanoma

Black tumor.

Metatasis ($METS$)

Beyond control (spreads).

Myoma

Bening muscle tissue.

Neoplasm

New growth.

Neuroma

Bening nervous tissue.

Rhabdomyoma

Benign striated muscle.

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Cancerous striated muscle.

Sarcoma

Cancerous connective tissue.

Biological therapy

Biological response modifiers to treat cancer.

Carcinoma in situ ($CA$)

Early stages of cancer.

Chemotherapy (chemo)

Destroys tumor and healthy cells that are growing fast.

Encapsulated

Enclosed tumors.

Hospice

Life expectancy of $6$ months or less.

Palliative

Providing relief not cure.

Radiation therapy ($XRT$)

Treating cancer w/ radioactive substances.

Neoadjuvent

Treatment preceding other treatment (ex. chemo then surgery).

Adjuvent chemotherapy

Chemo used after or w/ other cancer treatment.

Brachytherapy

Radiation placed in the area.

Hematology

The study of blood or the properties of blood.

Blood chemistry

Stuff dissolved in blood.

Urine

Monitor urinary diseases.

Microbiology

Studying microrginisms that cause diseases or the study of small life.

Polymerase chain reaction

Matching DNA.

Serology tests

Antibody reaction.

Autopsy

Determining cause of death.

Biopsy ($Bx$)

Removal of living tissue.

Cytopathology

Changes of cell diseases.

Histopathology

Study of diseases in tissue.

Virology

Study of viruses.

Chemistry panel

Series of tests on blood.

Complete blood count ($CBC$)

Test for basic blood screening.

Culture and sensitivity ($C\&S$)

Test to determine bacteria.

Genetic testing

Testing to examine DNA.

Speciman

Samples of blood, urine, or tissue.

Cyanosis

Blue discoloration.

Xanthosis

Yellow discoloration.

Pathology

Study of diseases.

Carcinogen

Substance that causes cancer.

Carcinogenic

Produces cancer.

Carcinoid

Resembiling cancer.

Etiology

Study of cause.

Iatrogenic

Unexpected result from treatment.

Oncogenic

Causing tumors.

Pathogenic

Producing diseases.

Prognosis ($Px$)

Prediction of outcome.

Cell

Basic unit (trillions).

Cell membrane

Boundary of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like fluid in the cell.

Nucleus

Sphere in the cell, holds chromosomes for cell reproduction and is the control center for cell activity.

Chromosomes

In nucleus, threadlike, $46$ in a normal human body.

Genes

Within chromosomes containing DNA, each chromo has thousands of genes.

DNA

Large molecule containing genetic material (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Tissue

Group of cells that do specific things.

Muscle tissue

Cells that contract, producing movement.

Nerve tissue

Recive and transmit electrochemical signals (found in nerves, spinal cord, and brain).

Connective tissue

Connects body structures (types: adipose, osseous tissue, and blood).

Epithelial tissue

Covers the external surface of the body, form membranes that line body cavaties.

Organ

$2$ or more types of tissue that perform body function.

Viscera

Large internal organs contained in the loody cavaties.

System

Group of organs that work together to perform body functions.

Integumentary system

Skin, hair, nails (protective covering and regulates body temp).

Respiratory system

Nose, throat, voicebox, wind pipe, bronchial tubes, lungs (performs breathing, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Urinary system

Kidney, ureters, bladde, urethra (removes waste from body).

Reproductive system

Ovaries, uterus, testes, ect. (reproduction).

Cardiovascular system

Heart, blood vessels (pumps blood).

Lymphatic/immune system

Network of vessels, ducts, nodes, organs (fights against infection).

Digestive system

Mouth, stomach, intestines (prepares food for body and eliminates waste).

Musculoskeletal system

Muscles, bones, joints (movement, protects organs).

Nervous system

Brain, spinal cord, nerves (sends and recives messages).

Endocrine system

Glands (secrete hormones).

Afebrile

Without fever.

Erythema

Redness.

Febrile

Having fever.

Acute

Sharp, sudden, short.

Chronic

Continues.

Exacerbation

Increase in the severity.

Idiopathic

Disease of unknown origin.

Bacteria

Single-celled that reproduce.

Fungus

Feeds by absorbtion.

Infection

Invasion of pathogens.

Parasite

Feeds from a host it lives on.

Virus

Microrginisms w/out independent metabolism.

Cytogenic

Producing cells.

Cytology

Study of cells.

Dysplasia

Abnormal development.

Erythrocyte ($RBC$)

Red blood cell.

Erythocytosis

Increase # of $RBC$.

Histology

Study of tissue.

Hyperplasia

Excessive development of cells.