(C3) Characteristics of Allergic Dermatological Diseases of Dogs and Cats

what does FAD stand for

Flea Allergy Dermatitis

— is the most common allergic skin disorder in dogs and cats, except in Alberta.

FAD

what causes FAD

Allergic response to flea saliva.

clinical signs of FAD

1. “jumping and biting” behavior

2. pruritic

3. papules

how to diagnose FAD (3)

1. History

2. intradermal skin testing

3. clinical presentation.

how to treat FAD (3)

1. treat lesions

2. antibiotics

3. control pruritis

define atopy

an allergic skin disorder in response to inhaled allergens.

clinical signs of atopy (9)

1. pruritus

2. scratching skin

3. biting skin

4. chewing skin

5. otitis

6. lesions become alopecic

7. lesions become hyperpigmented

8. lesions become hyperkeratotic.

9. a reddish-brown staining of the haircoat.

how to diagnose atopy

1. Physical exam.

2. Intradermal skin testing

3. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

4. Skin biopsies.

define otitis

inflammation of the ear

what does RAST stand for

Radioallergosorbent test

how to manage atopy (7)

1. antipruritics

2. Prevent skin trauma

3. Treat bacterial infections

4. corticosteroids

5. Immunosuppression

6. JAK inhibitors

7. Cytopoint

Allergenic response depends on (3)

1. The size of the allergen

2. shape of the allergen.

3. Prior exposure.

Normal digestive defences against exposure to food allergens are:

Protein is catabolized to small non-antigenic fragments before absorption

Normal GI Mucosa defences against exposure to food allergens are (2)

1. The mucosa provides a physical barrier to the uptake of large molecules.

2. When disrupted by disease (gastroenteritis, giardia, IBD), large molecules can pass through it.

Normal Immunological Barrier defences against exposure to food allergens are

IgA and GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) defects in the immunologic defence allow allergens that have penetrated the mucosa to be exposed to the immune system.

common food allergies in dogs (5)

1. beef

2. dairy products

3. chicken

4. wheat

5. lamb

less common food allergies in dogs (5)

1. soy

2. corn

3. pork

4. fish

5. rice

common food allergies in cats (3)

1. beef

2. fish

3. chicken

less common food allergies in cats (4)

1. wheat

2. corn

3. dairy products

4. lamb

clinical dermatological signs of food allergy dermatitis (7)

1. Pruritus.

2. Otitis externa (ears)

3. overall coat texture

4. feet

5. skin surface

6. face

7. Recurrent secondary bacterial dermatitis.

clinical gastrointestinal signs of food allergy dermatitis (4)

1. Chronic diarrhea

2. chronic vomiting.

3. Weight loss.

4. Flatulence.

how to diagnose food allergy dermatitis

1. poor response to steroids

2. elimination diet

3. skin biopsies

how to treat food allergy dermatitis (4)

1. Eliminate the animal’s exposure to allergens

2. treat lesions

3. JAK inhibitors

4. Veterinary based diets

define JAK inhibitors

a type of medicine that block Janus kinase enzymes

The main types of allergic skin disease which occur in both dogs and cats: (4)

1. Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)

2. Atopy

3. Food Allergy Dermatitis

4. Contact allergies