Notes#4a: Team Dynamics & SPC & Systems & HR & IT & Ethics

What aspect of the organization does Human Relation Issues fall into?

People

Explain the connection between human resources and human capital?

human resources: uses resources for people

human capital: investment in people (training)

the two are basically the same/intertwined

What do dashboards show us?

CSF aka critical success factors (ex: headcount)

What are the SKA’s for job design?

• skills (things you can learn)

• knowledge (something you know)

• abilities (inherit, hard to access, seen through physical)

What the protected classes in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

• people of color

• national origin

• gender (including pregnancy but not sexual orientation)

• religion (only time you can be discriminated is in a religious institution)

Americans with Disabilities Act 1990

need ‘reasonable accommodation’ for those with disabilities

Age Discrimination Act of 1967

can’t discriminate against those over 40 years old

Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) aka FMLA

• for companies that have 30 or more full time employees, need to have/allow for 12 weeks of unpaid or paid leave

Legal theories of discrimination

adverse treatment and adverse impact

• Duke Power Company requiring high school diploma for jobs

• Western Northern California application to be a pole made needed a high school diploma but most people color in this area only had two years of education (same adverse impact)

Equal Pay Act of 1963

if men and women had the same comparable work then they must get equal pay

• still not happening

• ex: garbage workers and librarians in Seattle did a SKA assessment test and they were pretty close, librarians got a raise

Harassment

creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decisions

• sexual harassment

• racial or ethnic harassment

Fair Labor Standards Act

sets a minimum wage and is related to overtime wages

• nonexempt employees: hourly pay

• exempt employees: have a fixed salary, owners or top 3 CEOs (not hourly)

Independent Contractors/1099 Employee vs true Employee Status

being hired to complete a specific project or task for a client, but not being considered an employee of that client.

• usually paid per project and are not entitled to employee benefits

• burden on employer if misclassified because then the employer has to pay

Management Information Systems

translator between information technology and business

• collect data (attributes)

• collect information (organization of the attributes)

What determines the usefulness of information (what is the framework for useful information)?

• timeliness: information is available in time to make the optimal decision

• relevance: only the information needed by the manager is provided and extraneous information that will confuse the decision making process is eliminated

• completeness: other side of relevance, the information that is needed is provided and if not then uncertainty/risk increase

• quality: accuracy and reliability describe the quality of the information

  • accuracy: relationship to reality

  • reliability: related to the variation of the results in repeated tests

Give an example that uses the framework for useful information.

Abbott Point of Care used the framework for blood tests in an emergency room

• this framework helped to make decisions right away

Mainframe

big computer in which where we see ERP/types of information systems

Where do we find Information Technology?

ERP (enterprise resource planning)

“Dumb” Terminal

attached to the mainframe and is screen where you do work

Workstation

attached to the “dumb” terminal, would be similar to a PC system

What are the two things you do with the ERP within the technology information system?

• transaction processing system (TPS)

• operational information systems

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

data orientated, traditional accounting and finance applications like payroll and sales recording, the transactions (data) roll up to information (reports)

Operational Information System

where the rolled up data from the transaction processing system goes, shows us the applications that move along the supply chain: inventory control, order-processing, procurement, human relations management

ERP

enterprise resource planning system, links transaction processing systems with operational information systems into one integrated system that include at least two characteristics

• best practices: tail is wagging the dog becuase the ERP systems you buy are set in their practices

• a single source of information

Where do ERP information systems occur?

in data centers, known as a “server farm”

Vendors

• SAP

• Oracle

• IBM

What makes the new IT systems work?

• computer literate users

• telecommunications

• IT infrastructure (size and speed)

  • Results in end user computing (ex: SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL)

like the business python, that uses a language that you can take at a community college, that is nice to know for jobs.

Relational Databases

allow for ease of access to data as it shows us which data pieces is related to each other

• one to many relationship (ex: student file)

• minimizes data redundancy

• increases data access and data security

Flat Organizational Structure

• horizontal information flow (same positioning) such as predictive model

  • ex: Taco Bell has a predictive model for their sales that helps them analyze how big their store is and why they have a small/no kitchen

• the ‘control’ purpose of hierarchal structures can be provided through information technology reporting and communication (dashboard)

Stakeholders

those who have a claim on success and failure of an organization

What are the 8 different types of stakeholder?

1) Stockholders

2) Managers

3) Employees

4) Suppliers

5) Distributors

6) Customers

7) Community

8) The “reach” of the organization

What are the 4 different types of ethics?

1) individual: personal standards and values on how one should interact with others

2) societal: how members of a society should interact

3) occupational: standards of behavior for a profession or trade

4) organizational: guiding practices for a company’s mangers to view their responsibility to stakeholders and not just stockholders/owners

What are the 4 rules to solve an ethical dilemma aka when a decision needs to be made that will have an adverse effect on someone?

1) Utilitarian: greatest good for the greatest number of people

2) Moral Rights Rule: protects the fundamental rights and privileges of the individual

3) Justice Rule: a fair and equable distribution of benefits and harms (hardest one to apply)

4) Practical Rule: a “business model” that says you should only make decisions that you are willing to disclose to the public

Trust

willingness of a person or a group to have confidence in the competency and the goodwill of another person or organization even though this willingness puts them at risk

• trust comes from competency first, goodwill supports competency

  • you can control goodwill but you can’t control competency, competency is at its core

Reputation

how others see managers and organizations as a result of their ethical behavior (reputations lead to trust)

Principal and Agency Theory

Have principal (owner) and agency (who runs the company)

• agency acts and makes decisions on behalf of the principal

• principal delegates authority

  • there is a conflict of interest between the two which is often solved with a contract which ensures ethical behavior

Decision Rights

• a management tool that focuses on formally assigning the authority to select one of the alternatives for a decision

• assigned based on type of decision and on a situational basis

• more for unstructured decisions

• used to assign responsibility for making the ethical/right decision

  • Examples being recommender, agreer, performer, inputter, and decider