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24 Terms

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Stigma
An undesirable label used to deny a deviant acceptance.
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Deviance
Behavior that departs from societal or group norms.
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Negative Deviance
Behavior that under conforms to accepted norms.
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Positive Deviance
Behavior that over conforms to social expectations.
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Deviant
A person who breaks significant societal or group norms.
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Social Control
Ways to encourage conformity to society's norms.
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Social Sanctions
Rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms.
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Anomie
A social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent.
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Strain Theory
The theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them.
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Control Theory
The theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society.
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Differential Association Theory
The theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts and norms to which they are exposed.
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Labeling Theory
The theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant.
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Primary Deviance
Only occasional breaking of norms.
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Secondary Deviance
Deviance that becomes a lifestyle and part of an individual's identity.
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Victim Discounting
The process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status.
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White Collar Crime
Job-related crimes committed by high status people.
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Crime
An act committed in violation of the law.
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Criminal Justice System
A system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes.
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Deterrence
Discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment.
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Retribution
Punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts.
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Incarceration
A method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prison.
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Rehabilitation
The process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization.
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Recidivism
A repetition of, or return to, criminal behavior.
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Restitution
Punishment intended to make criminals pay monetary compensation to make up for the financial damage caused by their acts.