Autism Spectrum Disorder Overview

A collection of 30 vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), designed to aid in exam preparation.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by problems with language, communication, social interaction, rigid behaviors, and restricted interests.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; defines autism as a developmental disability affecting communication and social interaction, manifesting before age three.

Types of Autism

Previously identified types based on age of onset and severity: autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; defines autism as a single diagnostic category across a spectrum.

Level 1 Autism

High functioning autism requiring support for initiating social interactions, inflexibility, and organization.

Level 2 Autism

Autism requiring substantial support with marked deficits in social interactions and coping with change.

Level 3 Autism

Severe autism requiring very substantial support due to severe deficits in communication and social interactions.

Stephen Wiltshire

A British artist known for his ability to recall and draw scenes in detail, often called the human camera.

Temple Grandin

A professor with Asperger syndrome, known for her contributions and insights about autism.

Daniel Tammet

A high-functioning autistic savant who has extraordinary mathematical abilities and language skills.

Elon Musk

An entrepreneur who publicly acknowledged his autism and Asperger syndrome in 2021.

Dan Aykroyd

Actor with Asperger syndrome, known for roles in Ghostbusters and Blues Brothers.

Daryl Hannah

Actress with Asperger syndrome, known for roles in Splash and Blade Runner.

William Henry Gates III

Co-founder of Microsoft and notable businessman, also has Asperger syndrome.

Susan Boyle

Scottish singer with Asperger syndrome who gained fame through Britain's Got Talent.

Echolalia

The repetition of phrases or words that a person with autism might hear, often without accounting meaning.

Stimming

Repetitive body movements or noises used by individuals with autism to self-regulate or manage emotions.

Sensory stimuli

Elements from the environment that can evoke unusual responses from individuals with autism.

Social Stories

Simple stories that explain social interactions to help children with autism understand behaviors.

Repetitive behaviors

Engaging in consistent actions such as hand flapping or spinning items, often associated with autism.

Autistic Savant

Individuals with autism who demonstrate extraordinary abilities in specific areas such as math, art, or music.

Sensory sensitivity

Unusual responses to sensory inputs, which can be over or under-responsive in individuals with autism.

Savant syndrome

A condition where individuals exhibit profound abilities in one or more areas, often accompanied by developmental disabilities.

Average or Above-Average Intelligence

About 40% of individuals with autism fall into this category, contrary to common perceptions of the disorder.

High-Functioning Autism

Terms used for individuals on the autism spectrum, particularly those without significant cognitive impairments, often associated with Asperger syndrome.

Prevalence of Autism

As of 2023, the prevalence rate is 1 in 36 births, increasing over the past 20 years.

Genetic Factors

Strongly implicated in autism, with certain genes identified that are associated with the disorder.

Environmental Factors

Factors linked to autism development including the environment in which an individual is raised, but not caused by poor parenting.

Accommodations

Strategies and modifications made to support individuals with autism in educational settings.

Visual Cues

Utilizing visuals alongside verbal instructions to enhance understanding for individuals with ASD.

Concreteness in Language

Using direct and clear expressions to avoid confusion, especially for those with autism.

Tantrum

A sudden outburst of anger or frustration, often seen in children with autism when routines are disrupted.