Manipulating Text, Graphics & Images for Online ICT Content

Vocabulary flashcards covering design principles, infographic fundamentals, image file formats, software tools, and major image-hosting platforms from the lecture notes.

Proximity (Design Principle)

Grouping related elements together to guide viewers through different parts of a message and create unity.

Alignment (Design Principle)

Placing elements on a common line or grid to create balance and visual connection across a layout.

Repetition (Design Principle)

Re-using visual elements—such as colors, shapes or type—to create consistency and emphasize key parts of a design.

Contrast (Design Principle)

Using opposing elements (size, color, weight, etc.) to make important information stand out and improve readability.

White Space (Design Principle)

Empty areas in a design that provide breathing room, highlight focal elements and act as a form of contrast.

Infographic

A visual presentation that conveys information or data quickly and clearly through graphics, text and design elements.

Visual Elements (Infographic)

Color coding, graphics and icons used to illustrate data or ideas within an infographic.

Content Elements (Infographic)

Time frames, statistics and references that provide the factual substance of an infographic.

Knowledge Elements (Infographic)

Facts and insights that the viewer gains from interpreting an infographic’s visuals and content.

Cause-and-Effect Infographic

Explains causal relationships between stages or events (e.g., recession causes and global impact).

Chronological Infographic

Shows events or processes in time order, such as a timeline or growth chart.

Quantitative Infographic

Uses charts, bar graphs, tables or lists to present statistical data clearly and quickly.

Directional Infographic

Guides the viewer through information using arrows, numbers, symbols or maps (e.g., road signs).

Product Infographic

Displays procedures or key details about a product, often posted in factories, kitchens or offices.

Static Infographic

Presents all information at once (e.g., newspaper graphic, product manual).

Motion Infographic

Displays information sequentially over time, often in videos or slide presentations.

Interactive Infographic

Lets the viewer choose which parts of the information to explore (common on websites).

Simplicity (Design Tip)

Keeping an infographic clean, concise and well-organized for quick comprehension.

Color (Design Tip)

A primary tool for setting hierarchy, legibility and emotional tone; high contrast is essential.

Lossy Compression

Reduces file size by discarding some image data, resulting in smaller but lower-quality files (e.g., JPG).

Lossless Compression

Reduces file size without losing any image detail, yielding larger but high-quality files (e.g., PNG, TIF).

JPG / JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group format; uses lossy compression; ideal for photos with millions of colors.

TIF / TIFF

Tagged Image File Format; lossless, large files; preferred for professional photography and printing.

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format; lossless, supports up to 256 colors, transparency and simple animation.

PNG

Portable Network Graphics; lossless, supports transparency and more colors than GIF.

GIMP

Open-source GNU Image Manipulation Program for advanced, cross-platform photo editing.

Paint.NET

Windows-based, open-source editor supporting layers, plugins, and basic photo corrections.

Autostitch

Automatic panorama creator that stitches horizontal or vertical images without user input.

Microsoft Research Group Shot

Software that merges the best parts of multiple shots into one composite photo.

TKexe Kalender

Program for quickly creating personalized printed calendars.

Opanda PhotoFilter

Tool offering 100+ virtual filters (Kodak, Cokin, Hoya) to simulate photographic lens effects.

Foto Mosaik

Creates mosaic images composed of hundreds or thousands of smaller photos.

Win Morph

Standalone or plugin software for high-quality image morphing, warping and distortion.

Free Digital Camera Enhancer

Utility that reduces noise, smooths skin and adjusts tone/saturation on digital photos.

JPEG Lossless Rotator

Rotates JPEGs without re-encoding, preserving original quality through lossless transformation.

Imgur

No-signup image host for quick sharing; 20 MB limit for images, 200 MB for animated GIFs.

Google Photos

Google’s photo backup and sharing service offering unlimited ‘High Quality’ storage up to 16 MP / 1080p.

Flickr

Yahoo-owned image/video host and social network with 1 TB of free storage and built-in editing tools.

500px

Photography community for showcasing, networking and licensing images; focuses on professional quality.

Photobucket

Image host with editing tools and print-on-product services; 2 GB free + bonuses via mobile app.

ImageShack

Unlimited-space host (≤25 MB per photo) with albums, tagging and privacy controls.

Dropbox (Photo Use)

Cloud storage where individual photos or folders can be shared via links; 2 GB free base storage.

Free Image Hosting

Simple host providing direct HTML links; 3 MB max per image; no account required.

Tinypic

Photobucket service for fast uploads; images auto-resize to ≤1600 px and stay 90+ days if viewed.

PostImage

Free, lifetime image host popular with forums; allows multiple uploads and optional resizing.

Transparent Shapes (Design Technique)

Using semi-opaque forms over photos to overlay text while preserving the background image.

Mix and Match (Design Technique)

Combining varied fonts, graphics and colors to create dynamic visuals.

Clean & Clear Backgrounds

Minimalist backdrops that highlight foreground text or graphics for maximum clarity.

Compression Quality Choice

Balancing file size and image fidelity by selecting lossy (small) versus lossless (high quality) formats.

Indexed Color

A palette-based color mode ideal for simple graphics (PNG, GIF) rather than full-color photos.