Cell Size and Cell Types

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell size, types of cells, and fundamental biological processes, aiding in understanding differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotes

Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus, including bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotes

Organisms with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Endosymbiosis Theory

Proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from small prokaryotes living within larger cells.

Surface-to-Volume Ratio

The relationship between the surface area and volume of a cell that affects its efficiency in exchanging materials.

Mitochondria

Organelles that carry out cellular respiration, converting chemical energy in foods to ATP.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that convert solar energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Nucleoid

The region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located, not surrounded by a membrane.

Cell Membrane

A structure that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides to form new cells, including mitosis and binary fission.

Eukaryotic Cell Components

Includes nucleus, organelles, cytosol, cytoskeleton, and plasma membrane.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi, and some protists that provides structural support and protection.