Introduction to Counseling: Finals Reviewer

Therapeutic relationship

Collaboration between therapist and client for effective treatment.

Behavior therapy

Focuses on modifying maladaptive behaviors through learning.

Operant conditioning

Behavior modification through reinforcement or punishment.

Positive reinforcement

Increases behavior by providing rewarding stimuli.

Negative reinforcement

Increases behavior by removing unpleasant stimuli.

Progressive muscle relaxation

Technique for achieving muscle and mental relaxation.

Systematic desensitization

Gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce fear.

In vivo exposure

Direct exposure to real-life anxiety-inducing situations.

Mindfulness

Awareness of present moment without judgment.

Flooding

Prolonged exposure to anxiety-evoking stimuli.

Social skills training

Enhances interpersonal competence in social situations.

Self-management strategies

Techniques for clients to set and achieve goals.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Therapy focusing on changing faulty beliefs and thoughts.

Rational emotive behavior therapy

Confronts irrational beliefs with evidence to change thinking.

Cognitive therapy

Focuses on identifying and altering automatic thoughts.

Strength-Based cognitive behavior therapy

Emphasizes client strengths in cognitive restructuring.

Therapeutic goals

Objectives for improving client behavior and coping.

Behavioral procedures

Structured methods to implement behavior change.

Client's role

Active participation in setting and evaluating treatment goals.

Therapist's role

Guide clients in learning effective behaviors.

Cognitive restructuring

Changing negative thought patterns to improve behavior.

Imaginal flooding

Imagining anxiety-provoking situations to reduce sensitivity.

Therapeutic techniques

Methods used to facilitate client progress in therapy.

Behavioral assessment

Evaluating behaviors to identify treatment targets.

Exposure therapy

Confronting fears to diminish anxiety responses.

Therapeutic interventions

Specific actions taken to address client issues.

Automatic thoughts

Spontaneous, often negative thoughts influencing behavior.

Cognitive distortions

Faulty thinking patterns leading to negative emotions.

Behavioral modification

Systematic approach to changing behavior through reinforcement.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Therapeutic approach focusing on cognition and behavior.

Socratic Dialogue

Technique for identifying dysfunctional beliefs.

Corrective Thinking

Promotes rational thought to reduce disturbances.

Cognitions

Major determinants of feelings and actions.

Active Practice

Clients must practice changing self-defeating thoughts.

Psychological Problems

Result from resisting control or attempting to control others.

Therapeutic Goals

Help clients meet psychological needs effectively.

Quality Relationships

Assumed necessary for happiness in CBT.

Diverse Methods

Tailored techniques for individual client needs.

Homework Assignments

Tasks to reinforce therapy concepts and skills.

Collaborative Empiricism

Joint exploration of beliefs and assumptions.

Self-Instructional Training

Teaches clients to guide their own behavior.

Role-Playing

Acting out scenarios to practice new skills.

Imagery

Using mental images to facilitate change.

Limitations of CBT

May overlook emotions and past experiences.

Therapeutic Relationship

Therapist acts as advocate for client.

Reality Therapy

Focuses on present behavior and needs.

WDEP System

Framework for exploring wants, doing, evaluation, and planning.

Self-Evaluation

Core process for behavioral change in reality therapy.

Planning and Action

Clients create action plans for desired changes.

Choice Theory

Framework for understanding personal behavior choices.

Behavioral Change

Process of modifying actions to meet needs.

Effective Control

Gaining mastery over one's life decisions.

Complex Problems

Do not always require complex solutions.

Small Changes

Lead to larger transformations over time.

Client Expertise

Clients are experts on their own lives.

Therapeutic Environment

Supportive space for clients to enact change.

Interpersonal Relationships

Key focus for achieving satisfaction in life.

Self-Help Approaches

Utilize CBT principles for personal development.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

Therapy emphasizing solutions over problems.

Therapeutic Process

Focuses on client's desired future goals.

Brief Therapy

Therapy conducted in a short duration.

Client-Centered Approach

Clients interpret their own experiences.

Scaling Questions

Clients rate improvement on a 1-10 scale.

Exception Questions

Identify times when problems were absent.

Miracle Question

Imagining life without current problems.

Summary Feedback

Affirmations highlighting client strengths.

Limitations of SFBT

May overlook deeper emotional issues.

Dysfunctional Family

Family dynamics contributing to individual issues.

ABCDE Model

Framework for Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy.

Activating Event (A)

Initial event triggering emotional response.

Belief System (B)

Cognitive reaction to the activating event.

Emotional Consequence (C)

Feelings resulting from beliefs about events.

Dispute (D)

Challenge self-defeating thought processes.

Effect (E)

Outcome of disputing irrational beliefs.

Self-Defeating Cognitions

Negative thoughts hindering personal growth.

Socratic Questioning

Method to challenge irrational beliefs.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Therapy focusing on changing irrational beliefs.

Therapy Goals

Restructure negative self-talk for positivity.

Therapist's Role

Facilitator of client-driven solutions.

Cognitive Reactions

Thoughts influencing emotional outcomes.

Emotional Connection

Therapeutic bond that fosters healing.

Quick Solutions

Fast resolutions potentially missing deeper issues.

Collaboration

Joint effort between therapist and client.

Behavioral Concerns

Issues related to actions and conduct.

Cognition

Mental processes influencing emotions and behaviors.

Cognitive Vulnerability

Tendency to develop dysfunctional beliefs early in life.

Dysfunctional Schema

Negative frameworks causing cognitive distortions.

Cognitive Distortions

Systematic errors in reasoning leading to distress.

Arbitrary Inference

Drawing conclusions without supporting evidence.

Selective Abstraction

Focusing on negative details while ignoring positives.

Dichotomous Thinking

Viewing situations in black-and-white terms.

Overgeneralization

Applying one incident to unrelated situations.

Systematic Bias

Consistent misinterpretation of external events.

Magnification

Exaggerating the importance of negative events.

Minimization

Downplaying the significance of positive events.

Cognitive Triad

Negative views of self, world, and future.

Personalization

Attributing external events to oneself inaccurately.

Labeling

Defining oneself by perceived flaws or mistakes.

Counseling Process

Client-centered approach promoting goal setting.

Role of Counselor

Guide clients in understanding cognitive influences.