E2 everything I don't know

what is radiation

Hi energy waves/particles that damage/destroy cancer cells

why is radiation effective

absorption of radiation causes ionization of molecules or formation of free radicals

damaged cells cannot undergo division

3 types of radiation

beam, brachytherapy, systemic (pills)

what does chemotherapy interact with

DNA

direct DNA-interacting agents of chemo

antitumor antibiotics, topoisomerase inhibitors, alkylating agents

targets DNA synth/replication

indirect DNA-interacting agents of chemo

antimetabolites, mitotic spindle inhibitors

target other aspects of the cell cycle

what is biotherapy

a combination of immunotherapy and your own biologic response - changing your own immune response to cancer

how does biotherapy work

changing host’s response

tumor cell biology

what is targeted therapy

drugs that selectively target malignant cells without damaging healthy fast dividing cells

how does targeted therapy work

altered molecule/signal pathways that allow uncontrolled growth/spread

small molecules blocking specific enzymes/GF in cancer growth

what is immunotherapy

uses an adapted branch of the immune system (primarily T-cells) 

using the MHC to display inner contents on outer surface 

drugs used for immunotherapy

epidermal growth factor receptor

HER2/neu

checkpoint therapies

PD-1 and CTLA-4

what does P53 sense

if DNA is intact

number of mutations/insults

how many are being repaired

how do oncogenes stimulate growth

activate a number of signaling molecules linked to the receptor (RAS/RAF)

increase ECF GF

activate GF receptor W/O GF