Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia

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Last updated 8:17 AM on 2/10/26
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8 Terms

1
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Hyponatremia Name and Value

  • Sodium

  • Less than 135 mEq/L


2
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Hyponatremia Cause

  • Diuretics

  • Vomiting/Diarrhea

  • Water intoxication

  • SIADH


3
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Hyponatremia Symptoms/Manifestations

Neurological

  • Confusion, Lethargy, Seizures

Physical

  • Muscle cramps, Anorexia/Vomiting/Nausea


4
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Hyponatremia Interventions

  • Monitor vitals and intake/output

  • Restrict water intake

  • Administer Hypertonic IV saline

-Ensure Na+ levels only increase 4-6 mEq/L per 24 hours —> prevent Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS)


5
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Hypernatremia Name and Value

  • Sodium

  • Greater than 145 mEq/L


6
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Hypernatremia Causes

  • Excessive sodium intake

  • Hypertonic IV fluids

  • Hypertonic enteral feedings

  • Water loss (fever, diarrhea, inadequate water intake)


7
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Hypernatremia Symptoms/Manifestations

Neurological

  • Confusion

  • Decreased level of consciousness

  • Hallucinations

Physical

  • Thirst

  • Dry, sticky mucous membrane


8
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Hypernatremia Interventions

  • Monitor level of consciousness

  • Increase water intake

  • Limit salt intake and high sodium foods

  • Give hypotonic IV solutions