Chemivcal Bonding and Lewis

What are ionic compounds formed by?

The transfer of electrons from metals to nonmetals, resulting in charged ions.

What are covalent compounds formed by?

The sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms.

How do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

They conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

What suffix do the names of simple anions in ionic compounds end with?

-ide.

What prefixes are used in naming covalent compounds?

Mono-, di-, tri-, etc.

How are oxoacids named when the anion ends in -ate?

The acid name ends with -ic.

What is the formula to determine moles from mass and molar mass?

Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol).

What is Avogadro's number?

1 mole = 6.022 × 10^23 entities.

What does the empirical formula represent?

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

What does the molecular formula represent?

The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound; a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula.

How do you calculate percent composition?

Percent composition = (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / molar mass of compound) × 100.

What is the mass percent of an element?

Mass percent of element = (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / molar mass of compound) × 100.

What does the octet rule state?

Atoms tend to form bonds until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons.

How is a nonpolar covalent bond classified?

Similar electronegativity (difference < 0.4).

What is the formal charge equation?

Formal charge = (valence electrons) - (nonbonding electrons) - 1/2(bonding electrons).

What is a resonance hybrid?

The actual structure that exhibits characteristics of all forms when more than one valid Lewis structure can represent a molecule.