Earth Processes and Geological Formations

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to Earth processes, geological formations, and oceanography.

Plate Tectonics

The idea that the Earth's surface is made of big pieces called tectonic plates that move around on soft rock below them.

Tectonic Plates

Large pieces of the Earth's outer shell that fit together and move.

Subduction Zones

Places where one tectonic plate goes under another, which can cause earthquakes and create mountains.

Convergent Boundaries

Where two tectonic plates push against each other, causing mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Divergent Boundaries

Where two tectonic plates pull away from each other, creating new ocean floor from magma.

Transform Boundaries

Where two tectonic plates slide past each other, which can lead to earthquakes.

Volcano Formation

When magma from inside the Earth rises through cracks in the crust and erupts, creating a volcano.

Earthquake Formation

When tectonic plates suddenly move, releasing energy and causing shaking on the surface.

Tsunami

Large ocean waves created by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

Hydrothermal Vents

Underwater holes where heated water brings minerals from the Earth, creating unique ecosystems.

Abyssal Plains

Flat areas on the ocean floor made from sediment covering old ocean crust.

Weathering

The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces using water, wind, or temperature changes.

Erosion

The movement of broken-down rock and soil to new places by wind, water, or ice.

Sedimentation

The process where tiny particles settle out of water and form layers of sediment.

Current

Moving water in the ocean that flows in a certain direction due to wind or temperature changes.

Deep Ocean Currents

Large movements of ocean water that carry nutrients and circulate globally.

Upwelling

The rise of cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean floor to the surface.

El Niño

A climate event where ocean waters warm up, affecting weather patterns and marine life.