Vatsim USA S1

Original by Andrewj1387: https://quizlet.com/474086529/vatsim-usa-s1-flash-cards/?i=6jtg9b&x=1jqt

Class A airspace

18,000 ft MSL up to and including FL600. Within 12 NM of coast overlying waters.

Class B Airspace

Surface up to 10,000 ft MSL surrounding nation's busiest airports; upside-down wedding cake. ATC clearance and mode c transponder required; Beacon code needed, shelves: surface to 11,000msl, 2500 to 11000, 3000 to 11000, 5000 to 11000.

Class C Airspace

2 shelves surface to 4400msl and 1700 to 4400msl.

ATC comm. required as well as mode c transponder.

Class d airspace

has a tower w/ ifr traffic but is not big enough to qualify as a class C or B. When closed, becomes Class E airspace. ATC comm. required

Class E Airspace

NO requirements to be in. Contains non-towered airports and normally extends from 1200agl to 18000msl and above 60000msl. There are 7 different types of this airspace.

Class G Airspace

fills the holes around all other airspace. From 14,500msl to ground and is uncontrolled. NO requirements.

TRSA Airspace(Terminal Radar Service Areas)

Similar to Class C airspace but has differences such as cellings and dimensions .

Four types of navigational aids

NDB(non-directional beacon)2 letter abbreviation

VOR(VHF Omnidirectional Range)3 letter abbreviation

Intersections(where 2 radials meet)5 letter name

Fixes(GPS points)also 5 letter name

Victor for VOR-VOR nav.

Tango for GPS-GPS nav.

at or below 17,500msl

Airways

Juliet for VOR-VOR nav.

Quebec for GPS-GPS nav.

At or above 18,000msl

Jetways

light rain/snow

-ra/-sn

moderate rain/snow

ra/sn

heavy rain/snow

+ra/+sn

Pecp. is expected when?

When the Temp is near the dew point

MSL(horizontal visibility)

Mean sea level

AGL

Above Ground Level

SM(vertical Visibility)

Statute miles

SKC

Sky clear, no clouds

FEW

Few clouds, when layer is 1/8 to 2/8

SCT

Scattered cloud layer, when layer is 3/8 to 4/8

BKN

Broken cloud layer, when cloud layer is 5/8 to 7/8

OVR

Overcast cloud layer, when cloud layer is 8/8

Celling

The lower altitude of clouds when considered broken or overcast

VV

Indefinite celling, special conditions caused by non-precip. conditions, fog or blowing snow or dust.

Standard pressure

29.92- lowest fl is 180

Low pressure

28.41-29.91- lower useable fl is 190

high pressure

31.00 or greater. No lower cruise altitude than fl180 and rare.

TAF

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast provides basic weather conditions wind direction, Visibility, temp., and sky conditions.

METAR

Aviation routine weather report (METAR): two types - routine (every hour) and selected special weather report (SPECI) given at any time to update METAR for rapidly changing weather conditions, aircraft mishaps, or other critical info.

Irregular numbers

3 tree, 5 fife, 9 niner

Rule for initial contact

Always announce who you are when first contact

Rule for inter-controller communications

always announce who you are and finish all communication with you initials.

IFR

Instrument Flight Rules. Rules governing the procedures for conducting instrument flight.

VFR

Visual Flight Rules

SVFR

Special Visual Flight Rules

flights cursing at 000-179 degrees should have

an odd altitude(ex. 27000 or 19000)

flights cursing at 180-359 degrees should have

an even altitude(ex. 22000 or 18000)

IRF flights cruising altitude should end in

000

VFR flights cursing should end in

500

RVSM Airspace

from FL290 to FL 410, after fl410 spacing should be every 2,000 feet, disregard directional spacing

/A

HAs mode c transponder and non-RVSM capable DME

/L

Aircraft is Capable of RNAV via a GNSS and has DME and is RVSM capable

/U

Similar to A but has no DME

/I

Similar to L but lacks GNSS

/G

similar to L but is not RVSM capable

/Z

Similar to L but lacks GNSS but is RVSM capable

/W

RVSM capable but no RNAV capable.

/N

Transponder with no mode C

Pilot Navigation SID

Standard Instrument Departure-instructions an aircraft how to depart the runway on an initial fix and onward with necessary altitude and speed restrictions. They end with a transition

Radar Navigation SID

Required ATC to issue a vector to reach initial departure point.

Hybrid Navigation SID

ATC must give the pilot a vector to the initial fix and then will follow a depicted route until transition.

CRAFT

Clearance(limit)

Route(of flight)

Altitude(initial climb)

Frequency(departure)

Transponder(beacon code)

Things to go over when briefing delivery controller

Aircraft already cleared or requesting clearance

ATIS code, wind, altimeter, and active runway

Any operation issues or requests.

Phrasing for VRF clearance in class c or below

callsign, maintain VFR(at/at or below/at or above )(altitude), squak(code) if in class c airspace

Phrasing for IFR clearance

Callsign, cleared to final destination, departure route, transition route, then as filed, Maintain(altitude), limitations, departure frequency, squawk code.

Phrasing for VFR clearance in class B airspace

Callsign, cleared(through/into/out of) the (name of the class B airspace). Maintain VFR(at/at or below/at or above)(altitude). Squawk (code).

Special VRF departure procedures

could be following landmarks, departing certain directions, following character routes

Special VFR operations

when weather is below VFR minimums for the airspace class. Can only be done in the lateral confines of class B, C, D, or E airspace below 10000ft MSL.

Uncontrolled taxi areas

ramps, aprons, and hangars.

controlled taxi areas

taxiways, runways

when can you give a runway clearance

After gaining permission from the tower, saying, "local, ground, request to cross runway___ with___." always finish with operating initials.

usage of without delay

If another aircraft is on final

short takeoffs

always inform them of the distance they have until the end of the runway.

Heli taxi procedures

similar phasing to offering a taxi clearance but also give warning to other aircraft near.

Air Taxi procedures

use when helicopter is around 100ft or closer to hanger or stand. Same phrasing.

follow

ask a aircraft to follow an aircraft in front of him/her once it passes him.

Give way

If an aircraft has already passed, give a give way taxi clearance which tells the pilot to follow the aircraft already passed him.

Tings to confirm before handoff

Make sure on screen that aircraft is squaking correct code with mode c transponder on.

heavies

make sure to end all heavy air craft with their callsign and then heavy.