Radiographic Procedures Test #1

radiograph

a film or other base material containing a processed image

radiography

the production of radiographs

anatomic position

upright, arms abducted, palms forward, head and feet straight ahead

sagittal/midsagittal

divides body into right and left parts

coronal/midcoronal

divides body into anterior and posterior

horizontal/axial

divides part into superior and inferior

oblique

longitudinal or transverse plane that is angled or not parallel to the other planes

posterior/dorsal

back half of the patient or body part, includes bottom of feet and back of hands

anterior/ventral

front half of the patient or body part, includes tops of feet and palms of hands

plantar

sole or posterior surface of foot

dorsum pedis

top or anterior surface of foot

dorsum manus

back or posterior surface of the hand

palmar

palm of the hand

radiographic projection

direction of path of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient

posteroanterior (PA)

enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior

anteroposterior (AP)

enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior

AP oblique

not a true AP, body part is turned or rotated

PA oblique

not a true PA, part is turned or rotated

mediolateral & lateromedial

CR enters the medial or lateral aspect of the patient/part

axial

implies a CR angulation greater than 10 degrees along the long axis of the body

tangential

skimming a body part to project it in profile

transthoracic lateral

lateral projection through the thorax

dorsoplantar/plantodorsal

secondary terms for AP and PA of the foot

parietoacanthial/acanthioparietal

special projections of the skull

submentovertical/verticosubmental

special projections of the skull

supine

lying on the back

prone

lying on the belly

erect

upright (seated or standing)

recumbent

lying down in any position

trendelenburg

recumbent position with the whole body tilted so the head is lower than the feet

fowlers

recumbent position where the head is higher than the feet

sims position

recumbent oblique position with the patient laying on the left anterior side with the top leg crossed over

lithotomy position

recumbent with knees and hips flexed

lordotic position

patient is upright and leaning backwards into the IR

decubitus position

patient is lying down and the x-ray beam is horizontal

medial

toward or closest to the median plane

lateral

away from or farther from the median plane

proximal

near the source or beginning

distal

away from the source or beginning

cephalad

toward the head

caudad

away from the head

superior

toward the head

inferior

toward the feet

interior

inside or nearer to the center

exterior

on or near the outside

superficial

nearer the skin surface

deep

farther from the skin

ipsilateral

on the same side

contralateral

on the opposite side

flexion

decreases the angle of a joint

extension

increases the angle of a joint

ulnar deviation

turn or bend the hand and wrist from the natural position toward the ulna side

radial deviation

turn or bend toward the radial side

dorsiflexion

decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the leg

plantar flexion

decreases the angle on the bottom of the foot

eversion

outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint (sole in)

inversion

inward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint (sole out)

medial/internal rotation

turning of a part toward the median plane/inside

lateral/external rotation

turning toward the outside or away from the median plane

abduction

lateral movement of the arm or leg away from the body

adduction

lateral movement of the arm or leg toward the body

supination

rotational movement of the hand into anatomical position (palm up)

pronation

rotational movement of the hand to place the palm down

rotation

turn or rotate a part on its axis

tilt

slanting against the long axis

body habitus

body form or shape

hypersthenic

"stocky" 5%

sthenic

near average but slightly heavyset/muscular

hyposthenic

near average but slender, taller

asthenic

extremely slender 10%

vertebral prominens

C7/T1

jugular notch

T2/T3

sternal angle

T4/T5

xiphoid process

T9/T10

inferior rib margin

L2/L3

iliac crest

L4/L5

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

S1/S2

greater trochanter

coccyx

symphysis pubis

1 inch inferior to the coccyx

ischial tuberosity

1-2 inches inferior to the coccyx