MOINA HEAD & NECK MUSCLES

Superior Rectus

O: Tendinous ring on posterior wall of the orbital cavity

I: Superior surface of eyeball just posterior to corneoscleral junction

N: Oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve)

A: Raises cornea upward and medially

Inferior Rectus

O: Tendinous ring on posterior wall of orbital cavity

I: Inferior surface of eyeball just posterior to corneoscleral junction

N: Oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve)

A: Depresses cornea downward and medially

Medial rectus

O: Tendinous ring on posterior wall of the orbital cavity

I: Medial surface of eyeball just posterior to corneoscleral junction

N: Oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve)

A: Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks medially

Lateral rectus

O: Tendinous ring on posterior wall of orbital cavity

I: Lateral surface of eyeball just posterior to corneoscleral junction

N: Abducent nerve (6th cranial nerve)

A: Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks laterally

Superior oblique

O: Posterior wall of orbital cavity

I: Passes through pulley and is attached to superior surface of eyeball beneath superior rectus

N: Trochlear nerve (4th cranial nerve)

A: Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks downward and laterally

Inferior Oblique

O: Floor of orbital cavity

I: Lateral surface of eyeball deep to lateral rectus

N: Oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve)

A: Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks upward and laterally

Tensor tympani

O: Wall of auditory tube and wall of its own canal

I: Handle of malleus

N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A: Dampens down vibrations of tympanic membrane

Stapedius

O: Pyramid (bony projection on posterior wall of middle ear)

I: Neck of stapes

N: Facial nerve

A: Dampens down vibrations of stapes

Occipitofrontalis (Occipital belly)

O: Highest nuchal line of occipital bone

I: Epicranial aponeurosis

N: Facial nerve

A: Moves scalp on skull and raises eyebrows

Occipitofrontalis (Frontal belly)

O: Skin and superficial fascia of eyebrows

I: Epicranial aponeurosis

N: Facial nerve

A: Moves scalp on skull and raises eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi (Palpebral part)

O: Medial palpebral ligament

I: Lateral palpebral raphe

N: Facial nerve

A: Closes eyelids and dilates lacrimal sac

Orbicularis oculi (Orbital part)

O: Medial palpebral ligament and adjoining bone

I: Loops return to origin

N: Facial nerve

A: Throws skin around orbit into folds to protect eyeball

Corrugator supercilii

O: Superciliary arch

I: Skin of eyebrow

N: Facial nerve

A: Vertical wrinkles of forehead, as in frowning

Compressor nasi

O: Frontal process of maxilla

I: Aponeurosis of bridge of nose

N: Facial nerve

A: Compresses mobile nose cartilage

Dilator naris

O: Maxilla

I: Ala of nose

N: Facial nerve

A: Widens nasal aperture

Procerus

O: Nasal bone

I: Skin between eyebrows

N: Facial nerve

A: Wrinkles skin of nose

Orbicularis oris

O: Maxilla, mandible, and skin

I: Encircles oral orifice

N: Facial nerve

A: Compresses lips together

Levator labii superioris aleque nasi

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Levator labii superioris

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Zygomaticus major

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Levator anguli oris

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Risorius

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Depressor anguli oris

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Depressor labii inferioris

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Mentalis

O: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

I: Arise from bones and fascia around oral aperture and insert into substance of lips

N: Facial nerve

A: Separate lips

Buccinator

O: Outer surface of alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular ligament

I: N/a

N: Facial nerve

A: Compresses cheeks and lips against teeth

Masseter

O: Zygomatic arch

I: Lateral surface ramus of mandible

N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A: Elevates mandible to occlude teeth

Temporalis

O: Floor of temporal fossa

I: Coronoid process of mandible

N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A: Anterior and superior fibers elevate mandible; posterior fibers retract mandible

Lateral pterygoid (two heads)

O: Greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate

I: Neck of mandible and articular disc

N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A: Pulls neck of mandible forward

Medial pterygoid (two heads)

O: Tuberosity of maxilla and lateral pterygoid plate

I: Medial surface angle of mandible

N: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

A: Elevates mandible

Platysma

O: Deep fascia over pectoralis major and deltoid

I: Body of mandible and angle of mouth

N: Facial nerve cervical branch

A: Depresses mandible and angle of mouth

Sternocleidomastoid

O: Manubrium sterni and medial third of clavicle

I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone

N: Spinal part of accessory nerve and C2 and 3

A: Two muscles acting together extend head and flex neck, one muscle rotates head to opposite side

Digastric (Posterior belly)

O: Mastoid process of temporal bone

I: Intermediate tendon is held to hyoid by fascial sling

N: Facial nerve

A: Depresses mandible or elevates hyoid bone

Digastric (Anterior belly)

O: Body of mandible

I: Intermediate tendon is held to hyoid by fascial sling

N: Nerve to mylohyoid

A: Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone

Stylohyoid

O: Styloid process

I: Body of hyoid bone

N: Facial nerve

A: Elevates hyoid bone

Mylohyoid

O: Mylohyoid line of body of mandible

I: Body of hyoid bone and fibrous raphe

N: Inferior alveolar nerve

A: Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid bone or depresses mandible

Geniohyoid

O: Inferior mental spine of mandible

I: Body of hyoid bone

N: Ansa cervicalis: C1, 2, and 3

Sternohyoid

O: Manubrium sterni and clavicle

I: Body of hyoid bone

N: Ansa cervicalis: C1, 2, and 3

A: Depresses hyoid bone

Sternothyroid

O: Manubrium sterni

I: Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage

N: Ansa cervicalis: C1, 2 and 3

A: Depresses larynx

Thyrohyoid

O: Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage

I: Lower border of hyoid bone

N: 1st cervical nerve

A: Depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx

Omohyoid (Inferior belly)

O: Upper margin of scapula and suprascapular ligament

I: Intermediate tendon is held to clavicle and first rib by fascial sling

N: Ansa cervicalis: C1, 2, and 3

A: Depresses hyoid bone

Scalenus anterior

O: Transverse processes of 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae

I: 1st rib

N: C4, 5, and 6

A: Elevates 1st rib; laterally flexes and rotates cervical part of vertebral column

Scalenus medius

O: Transverse processes of upper six cervical vertebrae

I: 1st rub

N: Anterior rami of cervical nerve

A: Elevates 1st rib; laterally flexes and rotates cervical part of vertebral column

Scalenus posterior

O: Transverse processes of lower cervical vertebrae

I: 2nd rib

N: Anterior rami of cervical nerve

A: Elevates 2nd rib; laterally flexes and rotates cervical part of vertebral column

Longitudinal (Intrinsic muscle of the tongue)

O: Median septum and submucosa

I: Mucous membrane

N: Hypoglossal nerve

A: Alters shape of tongue

Genioglossus

O: Superior genial spine of mandible

I: Blends with other muscles of tongue

N: Hypoglossal nerve

A: Protrudes apex of tongue through mouth

Hyoglossus

O: Body and greater comu of hyoid bone

I: Blends with other muscles of the tongue

N: Hypoglossal nerve

A: Depresses tongue

Styloglossus

O: Styloid process of temporal bone

I: Blends with other muscles of the tongue

N: Hypoglossal nerve

A: Draws tongue upward and backward, narrows oropharyngeal isthmus

Tensor veli palatini

O: Spine of sphenoid, auditory tube

I: With muscles of other side, forms palatine aponeurosis

N: Nerve to medial pterygoid from mandibular nerve

A: Tenses soft palate

Levator veli paalatini

O: Petrous part of temporal bone, auditory tube

I: Palatine aponeurosis

N: Pharyngeal plexus

A: Raises soft palate

Palatoglossus

O: Palatine aponeurosis

I: Side of tongue

N: Pharyngeal plexus

A: Pulls root of tongue upward and backward narrows palatopharyngeal folds medially

Palatopharyngeus

O: Palatine aponeurosis

I: Posterior border of thyroid cartilage

N: Pharyngeal plexus

A: Elevates wall of pharynx, pulls palatopharyngeal folds medially

Musuclus uvulae

O: Posterior border of hard palate

I: Mucous membrane of uvula

N: Pharyngeal plexus

A: Elevates uvula