Chemical Compounds

Calcium oxide

Quicklime

• CaO
• Manufacturing cement, glass, and treating acidic soil

Calcium hydroxide

Slaked lime / Lime water

• Ca(OH)2
• Whitewashing walls, manufacturing bleaching powder, and neutralizing wastewater

Calcium carbonate

Limestone / Marble / Chalk

• CaCO3
• Manufacturing cement, raw material in metallurgy, and antacids

Trichloro Methane

Chloroform

• CHCl3
• Industrial solvent and formerly used as an anesthetic

Calcium Oxychloride

Bleaching powder

• CaOCl2
• Disinfecting drinking water and bleaching cotton or linen textiles

Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Baking soda

• Sodium bicarbonate

• NaHCO3

• Ingredient in baking powder, antacids, and soda-acid fire extinguishers

Sodium carbonate

Washing soda

• Na2CO3
• Manufacturing glass, soap, paper, and removing permanent hardness of water

Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

Plaster of Paris (POP)

• CaSO4.1/2H2O
• Making casts for fractured bones, toys, decorative materials, and smooth surfaces

calcium sulfate dihydrate

Gypsum

• CaSO4.2H2O
• Used in making cement to control setting time and for making Plaster of Paris

Acetic acid

Ethanoic acid / Vinegar (when diluted)

• CH3COOH
• Preservative in pickles and raw material in the manufacturing of plastics or esters

Silicon Oxide

Quartz / Silica / Sand

• SiO2

• Construction material and primary raw material for making glass

Methane

Marsh gas

• CH4
• Primary component of CNG and biogas used as fuel

Nitrous oxide

Laughing gas

• N2O
• Used as an anesthetic in dentistry and surgery, and to boost engine performance in racing

Deuterium Oxide

Heavy water

• D2O
• Used as a moderator and coolant in nuclear reactors

Solid Carbondioxide

Dry ice

• CO2
• Used as a cooling agent for preserving food and making stage fog/smoke effect

Calcium Carbonate

Limestone / Marble / Chalk

• CaCO3
• Manufacturing cement, raw material in metallurgy, and antacids

Sulphuric Acid

King of Chemicals / Oil of vitriol

• H2SO4
• Used in car batteries, manufacturing fertilizers, and industrial cleaning

Zinc sulphate

White vitriol

• ZnSO4
• Used in dietary supplements to treat zinc deficiency and as a preservative for wood

Copper sulphate

Blue vitriol

• CuSO4
• Used as a fungicide in agriculture and in electroplating

Sodium hydroxide

Caustic soda

• NaOH
• Used in manufacturing soaps, detergents, paper, and petroleum refining

Potassium carbonate

Pearl ash / Potash

• K2CO3
• Used in manufacturing glass, soaps, and in organic chemistry as a mild drying agent

Mercurous chloride

Calomel

• Hg2Cl2
• Used in standard reference electrodes for pH measurement and formerly in medicine

Sucrose

Table sugar / Cane sugar

• C12H22O11
• Used extensively as a sweetener in food industries and a source of quick energy

Silver nitrate

Lunar caustic

• AgNO3
• Used in voting inks, photography, and as an antiseptic agent

Ethyl Alcohol

Ethanol / Grain alcohol

• C2H5OH
• Main component of alcoholic beverages, used as a laboratory solvent and fuel additive

Hydrochloric acid

Muriatic acid

• HCl
• Used for cleaning metals (pickling), manufacturing gelatin, and adjusting pool pH levels

Sodium chloride

• NaCl
  • Table salt used in daily cooking, food preservation, and for manufacturing chlorine and caustic soda

Zinc sulphate

• ZnSO4
  • Used in dietary supplements to treat zinc deficiency and as a fungicide in agriculture

Glucose

• C6H12O6
  • Primary source of energy for cellular respiration in living organisms and used in medical intravenous fluids

Ferric oxide

• Fe2O3
  • Main component of iron ore (hematite) used to extract iron, and used as a pigment in paints and ceramics

Ferrous sulphate

Green vitriol

• FeSO4

  • Used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia, and in manufacturing inks and water purification

Lead oxide

• PbO
  • Used primarily in manufacturing lead-acid batteries, industrial glass, and ceramic glazes

Lead nitrate

• Pb(NO3)2
  • Used as a raw material in manufacturing matches, special explosives, and in the dyeing industry

silver chloride

• AgCl
  • Used in photographic paper, electroplating, and as an active component in some bandages and healing products

Silver bromide

• AgBr
  • Extensively used in light-sensitive photographic films and emulsions

Sodium sulphate

• Na2SO4
  • Mainly used in manufacturing detergents, kraft paper pulp, and in processing textile fibers