23. Colonization of New Continents

Sahul

A paleocontinent that existed during the Pleistocene epoch. Consisting of Australia and New Guinea.

How did modern humans get to Australia and New Guinea? When was the earliest colonization?

Possibly through island hopping, dispersed via the coast.The earliest colonization was around 45,000-50,000 years ago.

Lake Mungo

Some of the oldest sites in Australia. It contained Shells, fish, mammal bones. Several human burials and Hearths and clay ovens.

When did humans arrive to the New World (The americas)?

There were no humans in the New World until near the end of Paleolithic and Pleistocene.

Beringia

A vast ice-free landmass that connected Asia and North America. It was exposed from 80,000-35,000 and 29,000-11,000 years ago. It submerged 11,000 years ago. Its how humans made it to the americas.

What were the Earliest sites of humans in the americas?

Blue Fish Cave and Fisherman’s lake.

What was the colonization route of the humans in the americas?

It was coastal, stone tools were found along the route. All sites are along the coastal route.

Why did the first humans not settle in Canada and USA?

It was blocked, there was no food, and it was cold and miserable.

Paleoindian Cultures

The earliest cultures of the americas. They had distinctive stone tool technology.

Clovis

A north american stone culture from 14,000-12,000 years ago. They had fluted points, found all over north america south of glaciers. They were hunter-gatherers and hunted big game. They were heavily dependent on plant foods.

Youngest Dryas

An event that caused a glacial advance for 1000 years that affected Manitoba.

When does Manitoba achieve a modern environment?

It was obtained 3000 years ago.

Folsom

A north american stone culture from 12,000-10,000 years ago. Their points were similar to Clovis, fluted. Though they were smaller and better made points.

Plano

A north american stone culture, the Great Plains culture. A continuation of Folsom, appeared when the environments started moving north.

Archaic period

A period from 6,000-1,000 BC, it was a shift from specialized big-game hutning to diversified foraging. A reduction in mobility, larger and more permanent season camps.

Woodland cultures

A culture from 1,000 BC-0 AD, they had domestic foods such as corn, beans, and squash. Villages appear and social units grow larger like tribes.

Peoples of the new world had relations with which population?

The Northeast asian (Sinodont) population

When were the three major early migrations?

The earliest was 15,000 years ago, BC and Alaska migration happened 8,000 years ago, and Inuit migration happened 2,000-1,000 years ago.