Cell Unit Test

Plasma (cell) membrane

a flexible boundary of a cell; controls the movement into and out of the cell and seperates cell from surrondings, composed of Phospholipid Bilayer

Cytoplasm

clear gel like fluid inside the cell, contains many of the materials involved in cell metabolism

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

pathway to transport materials throughout cell; site for protien and lipid synthesis

Nucleus

control center of the cell; helps with metabolism and reproduction and contains DNA

Ribosome

make protiens, made up of RNA and protiens

Lysosome

involved in the digestion of food within the cell; remove waste and bacteria

Mitochondria

site of cellular respiration; releases energy for the cell and converts stored energy in glucolse into ATP for cell

Golgi Apparatus

Sorts protiens made by ribosomes, packages the products of a cell, attached to the ER and sends them places they need to be in the cell

Centriole

structures involved in mitosis in animal cells only

Vacuole

fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane; contains stored food or wastes

Nucleolus

site of the production of ribosomes; within the nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

Controls movement into and out of the nucleus, holds nucleus together

Cell Wall

rigid wall outside of plasma membrane; gives plant cells its shape and provides protection, made of celluouse

Cilia

hairlike structures with the capacity for movement

Flagella

a long hairlike structure used for movement

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; captures light and energy

cell plate

during cytokinesis, the new cell wall that begins to form in the middle, dividing the two sides

Chromosone

carry genetic information, condensed form of DNA

nuclear pore

hole in nuclear membrane

plastid

stores food or contains pigment

microtubule

microscophic cylinders that support and give the cell shape

Rough ER

contains ribosomes, transports, protien synthesis

Smooth ER

no visible ribosomes, lipid synthesis, detoxification

Chromatin

loose form of DNA

Prokaryotic cells example(s)

bacteria

Eukarytoic cells examples(s)

animal, plant fungi, protists

Selective Permability

allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste to be removed

polar head

attracted to water

touls

hydrophobic( does not like water)

Active transport

Needs ATP (energy)
materials move against the concentration gradient

Passive Transport

Does not need ATP energy
materials move with the concentration gradient

Facilitated Diffusion

traveling through concentration gradient (high to low)
most of the time has to go through protien

Osmosis

diffusion of water

Dynamic Equilibrium

molecules do not stop moving

Endocytosis

cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell

Exocytosis

contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane

cell theory

the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms

isotonic solution

the solutions have the same concentration value of solutes
water moves equally in/out of the cell; there is no net movement
cell is happy and stable

hypertonic solution

more solute (stuff in the solution)
water moves toward a greater solute concentration
H2O leaves the cell and the cell shrivels

hypotonic solution

Less solute (pure water)
water moves into the cell and bursts

Diffusion

the net movement of a substance travelling down its concentration gradient (moves to high concentration to a low concentration)