WS1H UNIT 4 - MCQS

features/legacy of the Hellenistic Age

Greece split into three parts and became very Greek culturally dominant and allowed art and science to evolve.

impact of geography/climate on the development of ancient Rome

Can grow crops and is protected by natural barriers (tigris/euphrates river, northern alps)

key differences in governance and lawmaking during the Republic vs. the Principate/Empire

Republic- 12 Senate dominated government(life long-large landowners) and they also has 2 consoles (normal citizens picked for 2 years) and the 12 laws protecting plebeians

features/origins of the "Principate" (Empire)

With no new government power, Juleus caesar rules as a dictator.

urban character of Roman Empire

Middle class took more power in government (equites)

significance of the Pax Romana

It was the peace era

appeal of Romanization

It gave people holidays, entertainment, trade

Jesus in historical context--why did the Romans target him?

Because They thought that he would be a military leader and lead the Jews to take control.

impact of the Great (Jewish) Revolt of 66-73 on early Christianity

It failed and Jerasalum (where christianity was mainly practiced) was conquered.

Roman engineering/technological achievements—function of each, major effects

Established architecture and created arches. Aqueducts to carry water were made.

methods Constantine used to preserve the Roman empire; outcomes of his efforts, how he attained power—two major changes he instituted that dramatically changed the character of Rome forever

Constantine rose to power by fighting for the throne after Diocletian died. Granted the worship of all religions changed the capital.

how Greece emerged from its "Dark Age"

Councils of the heads of noble families superseded (took place of) the kings who ruled during the dark ages

reason for/impact of Greek colonization of the Mediterranean (on both the Greeks and indigenous peoples they encountered)

pressure from population, poverty, war, and political crisis led Greeks to settle throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas, bringing and diffusing their language and culture

features of Athens location

southern greece, near aegean sea, strategically positioned to benefit from maritime trade, expensive/fertile soil, villages and towns ringed the urban center

how the Republic dealt with conquered peoples

Slaves or let them be the same with supervisors

the means by which the Republic expanded in the 3rd-2nd centuries B.C.E. -causes, significance, results of the Conflict of the Orders

Tribunes who had the power to veto actions of the Assembly or officials that threatened lower orders' interests 12 laws protecting plebeians

important units of Roman society--impact of "citizenship" on peoples conquered during the Republic

Rome took control and people were supervised by local elite collaborators

reasons for/changes caused by Roman expansion

consuls only reigned for a short period of time and wanted to make as much change, and rome wanted to feel protected so they kept expanding

reasons for collapse of Roman Republic

The rich got even more rich after wars and soldiers at war came home to land being stolen. Slaves and Poor who worked on land went into Poverty. This contributed to riots.

role of Paul of Tarsus in the spread of Christianity: methods, target audience, challenges, etc.

He used his roman and hellenized background and converted gentiles to christianity

causes and features of the "Third Century Crisis"

Economy was so bad and 20+ kings kept getting overthrown. -parthians and persians took their chance and took over.

methods Diocletian used to preserve the Roman empire; outcomes of his efforts; how he attained power

Diocletian rose through military ranks and fixed the economy and made many reforms.

features of the agora

central public place, included government buildings, evolved into marketplace

features of the polis/acropolis

urban center of Greek life where religious, political, military, and recreational activities took place, housed thousands of people, residents engaged in crafts and commerce, guarded its independence from its neighbors, leading to frequent conflict, featured hilltop acropolis - fortified "high city" offered refuge in emergency

features of the hoplite army

heavily armored infantryman who fought in phalanx formation (columns), the primary military source of the polis, protected city-states and guarded polis, spartan males dedicated themselves to military preparedness and training

features of Greek religion

Polytheistic
Religious rituals and sacrifices were an essential part of greek religion, performed to gain the favor of the gods, seek protection, ask for help in times of need
Temples were built to honor gods
Believed in the power of oracles

Form of government of athens

direct democracy

achievements/strengths of athens

large size, large trireme navy, wealth, and democratic government, acropolis - high place for military advantage, rituals, defense

Leaders of athens

Solon: respected elite, anointed lawgiver in 594 B.C.E, used power to divide Athenians into four classes based on agricultural productivity, he guaranteed freedom to Athenians from debt slavery
Pericles: statesman, lead athens during its golden age, embarked on major building projects, expanded the athenian empire, strengthened its position in the delian league, allowed poor citizens to participate in public office, honored fallen soldiers from Peloponessian war in funeral oration,

function (and shortcomings) of Pericles' funeral oration

To honor the fallen soldiers, although there were many fallen soldiers and it would be difficult to eulogize every single one

features of Sparta-location

southeastern part of peloponnese peninsula

Form of government of sparta

oligarchic government, included a council of elders and an assembly full of Spartiates with citizenship and participation limited to males who had completed military training

achievements/strengths of Sparta

military prowess and strength, with heavy training (physical fitness, obedience, and martial skills) and education, the Spartan army was the most feared in Greece, with their hoplites being considered the best-equipped and most disciplined.

obsession of Sparta

military superiority: wanted to be the most dominant military, very discipline and strict

Sparta's fear

Helots revolts: the helots, a large population of enslaved people who worked the land, were central to Spartan society but posed a constant threat to it. Spartans feared that the helots would revolt

Sparta's objective

maintaining stability and control

eason for the preeminence of poetry in ancient Greece before the 6th century B.C.E.

Was a way of knowing things/ preserving and transmitting cultural knowledge, communicated by oral tradition, poetry, speech

Who fought whom in the Persian Wars

The Persian Empire and Greek city-states

When were the Persian Wars

490 B.C.E - 479 B.C.E (before Peloponnesian war)

Immediate cause of the Persian Wars

The Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E) where Greek colonies, under Persian control, rebelled against Persian rule

Long-term causes of the Persian Wars

Expansion of the persian empire

Who won the Persian Wars

The Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta specifically carried

Reasons for victory of the Persian Wars

Unity amongst the many city-states

long-term results of the Persian Wars

The rise of Athens, tension between Athens and Sparta leading to Peloponnesian war

social impact of trireme

Included lower-class citizens

charges against Socrates and the outcome

Charged with impiety and corrupting the youth - he was executed after trial

basis of wealth in Rome

land ownership

Roman ideas about gods

Numina-invisible force and pax deorum- covenant. Sacrifices and Rituals. Borrowed religion from Greeks.

why do we remember Plato?

Founded the academy in athens

why do we remember Aristotle?

Rejecting plato's theory of forms?

criticisms of Athenian democracy

excluded large portions of the population, such as women, slaves, and non-citizens. Only free, adult male citizens could participate in the democratic process.

position of Athenian and Spartan women

Limited rights and had primarily domestic roles such as managing the household and raising children, expected to maintain a low public profile

Who fought whom in the Peloponnesian War

The Delian League - a city-state in Athens and the Peloponnesian League - military coalition of Greek city-states led by Sparta

When was the Peloponnesian War

431 B.C.E - 404 B.C.E

why (short- and long-term causes) for the Peloponnesian War

Competition for power? Ideological differences - Athens was democracy whilst Sparta was oligarchy

key events/turning points in the course of the Peloponnesian war

Pericles knew defensive strategy for athens, relied on navy and defensive walls

Who won the Peloponnesian War and why

Sparta; allied with the Persian Empire - was provided with financial support and resources, Sparta was also just known to have military strength and sharp strategies

lasting outcomes of the Peloponnesian War

Marked the end of the Athenian empire, weakened and divided Greek city-states,

When did Phillip II of Macedonia live

Born 382 B.C.E, died 336 B.C.E (Hellenistic Period), reigned as King of Macedonia from 359 B.C.E till death.

Phillip II of Macedonia objectives

expansion of macedonian territory by conquering neighboring kingdoms and tribes, defeating Persian Empire, building strong military

steps Phillip II of Macedonia took for his objectives

phalanx formation for strong military, used cavalry, conquered city-states

Where was Alexander the Great from, when did he live

from Pella, Macedonia, lived from 356 BCE to 323 BCE. (Hellenistic Period) became king in 336 BCE, following the assassination of his father

Objectives of Alexander the Great

conquer Persian Empire, revenge against the Persian king Darius III, who had invaded Greece, spread Greek culture and Ideas (Hellenization)

Steps Alexander the Great took for objectives

inherited a highly trained and powerful army from his father, but he made several adjustments, including strengthening the companion cavalry and developing new strategies for battle, conquest of the Persian Empire