society the basics 13,14,15,16 final

Define the family according to its membership and the implications

Membership: social institution, found in all societies, that unites individuals into cooperative groups that oversee the bearing and raising children. Business and governments acknowledge family units by offering benefits and support.

Define the family according to its function and the implications

Function: A function of a family is to help set standards of morality, maintain traditions, and join people together. This creates stability within society.

kinship

a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

nuclear family

a family compose of 1 or 2 parents and their children, also called the conjugal family

extended family

a family compose of parents and children as well as other kin, also known as consanguine family

monogamy

marriage that unites 2 partners

polygamy

marriage that unites a person with 2 or more spouses

polyandry

A polygamous mating system involving one female and many males.

patrilocality

a married couple living with or near the husband's family

matrilocality

a married couple living with or near the wife's family

incest taboo

a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

what are the four key functions of the family in society, using the structural functional theory?

1. socialization

2. Regulation of sexual activity

3. Social placement

4. Material and emotional security

The family is a social institution. This is found in where?

every human society. (see Page 341)

A trend over the course of the last century in high-income nations such as Canada is that families have become:

more egalitarian with regard to gender. (see Page 342)

According to the social-conflict analysis, the family serves to

perpetuate the existing class structure into each new generation. (see Page 344)

All of the following factors are related to Canada's high divorce rate EXCEPT for?

romantic love seldom fades (see Page 351)

Evidence that the traditional family is changing includes all of the following EXCEPT what?

the use of new birth technologies is decreasing (see Page 356)

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Only one in ten of all children in Canada are born to an unmarried woman. (Page 340)

In terms of family patterns in Canada, which of the following is TRUE?

Families are changing, probably faster than any other social institution. (Page 340)

What is the social institution that unites people in cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children?

family (Page 341)

Which of the following refers to a social bond, based on blood, marriage or adoption?

kinship (Page 341)

Which of the following refers to a social group of two or more people, related by blood, marriage, or adoption, who usually live together?

a family unit (Page 341)

A legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, as well as sexual activity and childbearing, that people expect to be last is:

marriage (Page 341)

Which of the following best describes marriage?

a socially approved relationship (Page 341)

More and more, organizations are coming to recognize ______: people with or without legal or blood ties who feel they belong together and want to define themselves as a family.

families or affinity (Page 341)

What is a family unit including parents and children, but also other kin?

an extended family (P. 341)

Which of the following most accurately describes an extended family?

a family unit composed of parents, children and other kin (P. 341)

What is a family unit composed of one or two parents and their children?

a nuclear family (P. 341)

Which of the following cultural norms promotes the pattern of marriage between people of the same social category?

endogamy (P. 342)

You wish to build a homogeneous society. What pattern of marriage should you encourage?

endogamy (P. 342)

Marriage between people of different social categories is called:

exogamy (P. 342)

Which of the following describes the logic of exogamy?

It helps to forge useful alliances and promotes the spread of culture. (P. 342)

Marriage that unites three or more people is called

polygamy. (P. 342)

What personal characteristic typically is required for polygyny in societies that permit it?

personal wealth (P. 342)

What is a marriage that joins one female with more than one male?

polyandry (P.342)

The term for a married couple living with or near the husband's family is:

patriilocality (P.342)

In what residential pattern does a married couple live with or near the wife's family?

matrilocality (P. 342)

What is the residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from the parents of both spouses?

neolocality (P. 342)

______ descent is found more frequently in horticultural societies where women are the primary food producers.

Matrilineal (P. 342)

What is a system for tracing kinship through both males and female lines?

bilateral descent (P. 342)

The ______ paradigm identifies the family as the backbone of society.

structural-functional (P. 343)

Which theoretical paradigm discusses the family in terms of how it helps to perpetuate social inequality?

social-conflict (P. 344)

According to the symbolic-interaction approach:

people shape the experience of family life for themselves (P. 344)

The depiction of courtship and marriage as forms of negotiation is found in the ______ analysis.

social-exchange (Page 345)

What is TRUE about romantic love?

The more developed and specialized the society, in general, the greater the emphasis on romantic love. (P. 346)

Which of the following statements about romantic love is FALSE?

Romantic love makes for a more stable foundation for marriage. (P. 346-348)

Most Canadian adults feel that the ideal number of children is:

0-3 (P. 349)

The "sandwich generation" refers to:

today's middle-aged adults who have children under 18 living at home as well as caring responsibilities for one or more of their own parents (P. 348)

Which of the following is NOT a common trait of Aboriginal families?

They generally have the loyalty and support of extended families.(P. 350)

Jesse Bernard states that every marriage is actually two different marriages: a/an ______ marriage and a/an ______ marriage.

woman's; man's (P. 350)

Which of the following is TRUE ABOUT Jesse Bernard's study of marriage?

few contemporary marriages are composed of two completely equal partners (P. 350)

Remarriage often creates ______ families, which are composed of children and some combination of biological parents and stepparents.

blended (P. 352)

Which statement about domestic violence in Canada is TRUE?

Women are more likely to be victims of repeat spousal violence (P. 352-353)

Which of the following is TRUE about child abusers?

Most abusers have been abused themselves as children (P. 353)

Approximately ______ percent of Canadian families are single-parent families

16 (P. 353)

The sharing of a household by an unmarried couple is called

cohabitation (P. 354)

Which adult group is choosing to live alone at a rapidly increasing rate?

young women (P. 356)

Which of the following is TRUE regarding childcare?

Childcare became an issue in Canada and other countries during the industrial period (P. 358-359)

Education

the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values

social epidemiology

the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population

schooling

formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers

the extent of schooling in any society

is tied to its level of economic development

low income countries

have little schooling

structural-Functional theory of schooling

highlights major functions of schooling, including socialization, cultural innovation, social integration, and the placement of people in the social heirarchy

symbolic-Interaction theory of schooling

helps us understand that stereotypes can have important consequences for how people act

Social-Conflict theory

links schooling to the hierarchy involving class, race and gender

latent functions of schooling

providing child care and building social networks

Formal education

serves as a means of generating conformity to produce obedient adult workers

tracking

assigning students to different types of educational programs; a program that gives privileged youngsters a richer education

the self-fulfilling prophecy

people who expect others to act in certain ways often encourage that very behavior; ex. Jane Elliott "blue eyes vs. brown eyes" experiment

three ways schooling causes and perpetuates social inequality

social control, standardized testing and tracking

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis

they declared that the demand for public education in the late nineteenth century was based on capitalist factory owners' need for a disciplined and obedient workforce

Parochial " Of the Parish"

Catholic schools

Protestant private schools

Christian Academies

Public Schools

Difference in funding between rich and poor communities result in unequal resources

credentialed society

society that evaluates people based on schooling

Student passivity

students who are bored in class

Functional Illiteracy

a lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living

US Academic Standards

spend more on schooling than almost any other country; US placed 16th in science and 19th in math

School Choice

Create a market for education so parents and students can shop for best value

Magnet Schools

offer special facilities and programs to promote educational excellence

Charter Schools

Public Schools that are given more freedom to try new policies and programs

Schooling for Profit

School systems operated by private profit-making companies rather than government

Home Schooling

Parents do not believe public education is doing a good job; students who learn at home outperform those who learn in school

Mainstreaming

including students with disabilities in the education program

Regarding Adult Education

Adults represent a growing proportion of students in the US

Regarding the Teacher Shortage

about 400,000 teaching vacancies exist in the US each year due to low salaries, frustration, retirement, and rising enrollments and class size

Medicine

the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health

Health

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

Social Epidemiology

the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population

eating disorder

an intense form of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin

euthanasia

assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease; also known as mercy killing

age 65

more than 80% of US children born today will live to at least this age

Structural-Functional theory of health and Medicine

considers illness to be dysfunctional because it reduces people's abilities to perform their roles

The sick role

excuses the ill person from routine social responsibilities

physician's role

is to use specialized knowledge to take charge of the patient's recovery.

Symbolic-Interaction theory of health and medicine

investigates the meanings that people attach to health illness, and medical care

Social-Conflict theory of health and medicine

focuses on the unequal distribution of health and medical care

Marxist theory criticizes the US medical establishment for

its over-reliance on drugs and surgery, the dominance of the profit motive, and over-emphasis on the biological rather than the social causes of illness

Feminist theory criticizes the medical establishment for

"scientific" statements and policies that effectively allow men to dominate women