DH: Hygiene Theory

Lecture 1

What is ergonomics?

The science of designing the workplace, equipment, and work practices to fit the clinician, improving efficiency and reducing the risk of injury.

what are the major components of a dental hygiene area?

• dental chair

• dental unit

• operation light

• air-water syringe

• scaler

• ultrasonic scaler

• high and low speed hand piece

• HVE (High Volume ejector)

• Saliva ejector (LVE( Low Volume Ejector)

• clinician’s chair

HVE

• propose: removes aerosol, water, blood, debris

• Infection control

• Used: during ultrasonic scaling, polishing

LVE

• aka salive ejector

• small, straw like evacuation system

• purpose: removes saliva, for comfort of patient, maintains a dry working feild during short procurers

• Cannot be used for aerosol control

Compare High Volume Ejector (HVE) vs Low Volume Ejector (LVE).

HVE is high power suction, must be use in presence of aerosol

LVE is low power suction, more for comfort of client, does not reduce aerosol

What is the purpose of protective barriers?

Prevent cross-contamination of surfaces that cannot be sterilized

eg: chair controls, operation light, computer keys and mouse

what are the three uses of air-water syringe?

delivers stream of air and/or water, or combination of both

positing of operation light?

• must be shone on the clients chest first

• should be at arms length away form the hygienist while seated

• have barriers on handles for infectious control

Define neutral positioning.

A balanced body posture where muscles and joints are under minimal stress.

neutral neck position

Goal: head tilt of 0-15 degrees

Natural Back

Goal: slightly forward form the waist of hip

AVIOD: curved back

Neutral Arm/ Elbow

Goal: elbows at waist level sightly away form body

AVOID: elbows held high above the waist line

Neutral forearm

GOAL: parallel to the floor (90 degree )

Neutral seated rules …

• back straight

• weight evenly distributed (avoid sitting on edge of chair)

• head tilt between 0-15 degree

• shoulders relaxed with elbows close to body

• thighs parallel to the floor

• feet flat on the floor

• hips at 90 degree

what is RSI?

repetitive strain injury

Damage cause by repeated movement, force, awkward position or overuse.

ex:

• carpal tunnel syndrome

• tendonitis

What is WMSD?

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder

Any injury affecting muscles, tendons, joints or severs caused by work activities

Dental Hygiene commonly experience:

• neck, shoulder, wrist and lower back pain

When is the Client Position upright?

when greeting, reviewing medical history, discussing, greeting and if difficult with breathing

when is Semi-supine used for client positioning?

for most mandibular treatment

when is supine used for client positioning?

for most maxillary treatment

is terms surface towards or away used in reference to?

anterior (front) teeth

• canine to canine for both mandibular and maxillary

what is mesial ?

side or surface closest to the midline

what is distal?

the surface that is away from the midline

what is apical?

toward the apex (tip of root) of the tooth

what is coronal?

towards the crown of the tooth

long axis

imaginary line thought the centre of the tooth form crown to root

vertical storke

toward the crown (surface on anterior teeth or inter proximal of posterior teeth)

oblique stroke

diagonal stroke between the line angles of the tooth

horizontal stroke

horizontal strokes, going toward on line angel of the tooth

Line angle (only for posterior teeth)

imaginary line where tow tooth surface meet

• each posterior has 4 line Angeles

Facial

Towards the face

buccal

toward the cheek (posterior teeth)

labial

toward the lips (anterior teeth)

lingual

towards the tongue

palatal

towards the pallet (maxillary teeth)

Which aspect is this image highlighting?

facial aspect of the mandibular right posterior sextant

Which aspect is this image highlighting?

Lingual aspect of the mandibular right posterior sextant

what are the two different aspects?

facial and lingual

what is the terms of two halves of anterior teeth surface when viewed at 8:00?

surface toward and surface away

surface towards

half of the anterior tooth surface that is toward the clinician when stated at 8:00

surface away

the other half of the anterior tooth surface that is away the clinician when stated at 8:00

• although surface away is identified at 8:00, cleaning is performed at 12:00 for surface away

aspect towards

the half of the posterior teeth aspect that is towards the clinician when stated at 9:00

• cleaning is performed at 9:00 for aspects towards

aspect away

the other half of the posterior teeth that is aspects away from the clinician when stated at 9:00

• although aspects away is identified at 9:00, cleaning is performed at 10/11:00 for aspects away

• use of mirror is required

what is ideal scaling angulation?

70 degrees

Three parts of a periodontal instrument.

• handle

• shank

• working end

what is the correct angulation for instruments?

60-80 degrees

• 70 degrees being ideal

what are some concerns with too open angulation (>90)

• Tissue trauma

• Reduced control

what are some concerns with too closed angulation (>45)

• Burnishes calculus

• Ineffective removal

Why is modified pen grasp preferred?

• Better stable and strong grasp

• Better tactile sensitivity

• Less fatigue

how do the thumb and index finger work when holding instruments?

• help with rolling of instrument with each stroke

• maintain adaptation of leading third of the working end

what is the middle finger places on the shank?

to allow the clinician to fell vibrations transmitted form the working end

• tactile sensitivity

what are the three mirror types?

1. front surface (most common)

2. plane

3. concave

compare the three mirror types

Front-surface

• best images no distortion

Plane

• double image

Concave

• magnifies image

• distrots image

Four functions of the dental mirror.

• Indirect vision

• Retraction

• Indirect illumination

• Transillumination

Direct vs indirect vision.

Direct:
View tooth directly.

Indirect:
View tooth through mirror.

Difficult to see areas

Define retraction.

Moving cheeks, lips or tongue away for better access.

move soft tissue

Define indirect illumination.

Reflecting light into areas where direct light cannot reach.

Improve lighting

Define transillumination.

directing light off the mirror surface and through the anterior teeth.

• Passing light through tooth structure to detect cracks, caries or fractures.

• can only be done on anterior teeth