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GI Bill
A law signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 that provided various benefits for WWII veterans, including education, unemployment pay, and home loan guarantees.
Levittown
A planned community created by Levitt & Sons using assembly-line production for low-cost housing, contributing to suburban growth in the post-war era.
Baby Boom
A significant increase in birth rates following WWII, characterized by a generation of 'baby boomers' who influenced American culture and economy.
White Flight
The migration of middle-class whites from urban areas to suburbs, often leaving behind poorer minority populations.
Redlining
The discriminatory practice of denying loans or insurance to residents in certain geographic areas, often based on racial or ethnic composition.
Consumerism
A social and economic ideology encouraging the acquisition of goods and services, significantly shaping post-WWII American culture.
Television
A medium that became prevalent in American households post-WWII, influencing culture and reinforcing gender roles through the depiction of suburban life.
Car Culture
The growth of automobile dependency leading to the development of roadside businesses and a new lifestyle revolving around mobility in post-WWII America.
McDonald's
A fast-food chain founded by Dick and Mac McDonald in the 1940s, known for its Speedee Service System and significant influence on American eating habits.
Drive-in Movies
Outdoor theaters where patrons watch films from their cars, popularized in the 1940s and 1950s concurrent with increased car ownership.
Beats/Beatniks
A countercultural movement expressing nonconformity and rejecting materialism in 1950s America, characterized by influential writers like Jack Kerouac.
Teen Culture
A distinct social phenomenon emerging post-WWII, shaped by economic prosperity, leisure time, and mass media, creating a unique youth identity.
Rock n Roll/Elvis
A genre of music that became emblematic of youth rebellion in the 1950s, with Elvis Presley as a prominent figure merging musical styles.
National Housing Act 1949
Legislation aimed at providing affordable housing and urban renewal, while often perpetuating racial segregation in the housing market.
Urban Renewal
Government efforts to revitalize city areas through demolition and redevelopment, often leading to displacement of existing communities.
New Conservatism
A political philosophy from the 1970s and 1980s advocating for government action in pursuit of conservative policies.
Modern Republicanism
President Eisenhower's ideology balancing conservative values with some aspects of New Deal liberalism, favoring fiscal responsibility.
Interstate Highway System
A network of over 47,000 miles of highways launched to improve military logistics and promote economic growth across the U.S.
Sputnik
The first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, triggering fear in the U.S. about falling behind in technological advancements.
Sputnik Syndrome
A national anxiety in the U.S. following the launch of Sputnik, leading to increased focus on education and technology development.
National Defense Education Act
Legislation passed in 1958 providing federal funding for education in science and mathematics to strengthen national defense capabilities.
Social Contract/AFL-CIO
A merging of labor unions in 1955, forming a powerful organization advocating for workers' rights under a concept where citizens expect government protection.
Nikita Khrushchev
Soviet Premier from 1958-1964 known for his confrontation with the U.S. during the Cold War and initiating significant domestic policies.
Kitchen Debate
A 1959 televised exchange between Nixon and Khrushchev emphasizing ideological differences between capitalism and communism.
U-2 Incident
A 1960 event where an American spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union, highlighting Cold War tensions and international diplomacy issues.
Decolonization (Africa)
The process through which African nations gained independence from European colonial powers in the mid-20th century.
Suez Canal Crisis
A conflict over the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt, leading to military action by Britain, France, and Israel and declining imperial influence.
Eisenhower Doctrine
A U.S. foreign policy pledging military and economic aid to Middle Eastern countries threatened by communist aggression.
Brinkmanship/massive retaliation
A Cold War strategy threatening nuclear response to Soviet aggression, designed to deter communist expansion.
Military-Industrial Complex
The relationship between a nation's military and defense industries, which can exert substantial influence over government and national policies.
