APUSH - Period 2 1607 - 1754

Virginia Company

Joint stock company that established Jamestown

Powhatan

Native American chief of the Tsenacommacah tribe, who makes a peace agreement with John Smith

John Smith

Leader and savior of Jamestown

George Calvert

First Lord Baltimore and proprietor of Chesapeake Colony, known for promoting religious tolerance.

Proprietorship

Land in the colonies gifted by the King of England for someone to rule over

Indentured servant

Poor white English men who wanted passage to the New World who were put into a 7 year contract to do cheap labor in the Colonies

Mayflower Compact

A governing document signed by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620, establishing self-governance and majority rule in the Plymouth Colony. ( First written form of gov. in the Colonies )

Massachusetts Bay Company

A group of congregationalists who obtained a royal charter to establish Plymouth

John Winthrop

20 year governor of Plymouth

Pequot War

A conflict between English settlers and the Pequot tribe in New England during the 1630s, marked by significant violence and the near destruction of the Pequot people.

Roger Williams

Believed in predestination ( you go to Heaven or Hell and it’s decided by God at the start of your life Banished from Plymouth and founded Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

Believed grace is given not earned, was banished from Plymouth and died in exile.

King Philip’s War

A conflict between Native American tribes and New England colonists in 1675-1676, named after Metacom (King Philip). It resulted in significant casualties on both sides and marked a turning point in colonial-Native American relations.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Indentured servants rebel against the Virginia colony and end indentures, and also led to an increase in slave labor

Atlantic Trading

system that involved the exchange of goods, enslaved people, and raw materials between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Mercantilism

The belief that there is a finite amount of wealth and caused every country to fight for more wealth worldwide ( the reason for colonialism )

Witchcraft

Woman were hanged for “ practicing magic “ marked the end of Puritan rule in New England.

Stono Rebellion

A slave rebellion, made the colonizers mad and resulted in harsher treatment and stricter laws for the enslaved.

The Great Awakening

Coming back to God led by preachers George Whitfield, and Jonathan Edwards, developed the Spirit of America which focused on God, and fueled the Revolution.

New York

A proprietor colony: The king gave new York to his brother the Duke of York it was originally Dutch owned but as the british moved in the Dutch moved out

Pennsylvania

Quaker and anti-slavery started by William Penn

North and South Carolina

Served as the buffer between Spain in Florida and England in the north of Georgia, people don’t really care about the Carolinas.

Georgia

Run by James Oglethorpe as a debtor colony the criminals were put there

Slavery

Replaced indentured servants and became a key institution in the Southern economy, primarily involving the forced labor of Africans.

Triangular Trade

Molasses to rum to slaves ( America, Europe, and Africa )

New England Colonies

Mostly cites, very economically diverse ( fishes ) Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

Middle Colonies

Most diverse ( people ), the bread basket, Maryland, Delaware, New York, New Jersey

Southern Colonies

Major producer of Tobacco, criminal refuge. Virgina, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, relied on slavery

The American Mind

A distinct set of beliefs and values shaped by American experiences and history, influencing politics, culture, and identity.

• Reactionary

• New money

• Hardworking

• More violent

• Less refined

• Individualistic

Navigation Acts

Says that the colonies can only trade with England ( passed by parliament, the colonist did not follow these

Salutary Neglect

England leaves the colonies alone the colonies leave England alone everyone's happy ( lets us become American )