MINERALOGY (GROUP 2)

is the scientific study of minerals, including their composition, properties and modes of formation.

mineralogy

give three examples of mineralogy

calcite

quartz

cobalt

Minerals crystallize from cooling magma or lava.

crystallization

examples of crystallization

quartz

olivine

feldspar

_____ cools, it crystallizes into minerals, Most minerals in the earth’s crust form this way.

magma

When salty water from lakes, seas, and inland basins evaporations, dissolved minerals crystalize.

evaporation

Dissolved minerals precipitate from water due to evaporation or changer temperature/pressure.

percipitation

give examples of percipitation

halite

gypsum

calcite

Minerals can form when hot water flowing underground, or from evaporated lakes or seas, cools and precipitates.

aqueous solutions

Minerals can form from volcanic gases.

gaseous emanation

Other minerals are formed through organic processes, such as shell and corals.

biological processes

example of biological process

calcite

Organisms form minerals in their shells, teeth and bones.

organic formation

Form due to chemical reactions with water, oxygen and other elements.

wathering

examples of weathering

clay minerals

Is the process by which pre existing rocks undergo physical and chemical changes due to heat, pressure, and chemically.

metamorphism

example of metamorphism

limestone

Deep within the earth can change minerals in sedimentary and igneous rocks.

pressure and heat

Can form directly from the elements within existing minerals under condition of high temperature and pressure

existing minerals

requirements for minerals

naturally occurring

solid at room temperature

inorganic

definite chemical composition

crystalline structure

Very common, hard and resistant to weathering, found in many rock types.

quartz

Sheet silicate mineral with perfect cleavage, commonly found in granite and schist

mica

A magnesium-iron silicate, commonly found in mafic igneous rocks like basalt

olivine

Another common mafic silicate mineral

pyroxene

The primary mineral in limestone and marble, often formed by biomineralization the environmental impact of mining activities.

calcite

Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten

igneous rock

Formed when sediments like sand, clay and organic particles, accumulate and harden.

sedimentary rock

Formed when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral rich fluid or more commonly some combination of these factors

metamorphic rock

examples of igneous rocks

granite and obsidian

example of sedimentary rocks

limestone and sandstone

example of metamorphic rocks

marble and quartzite