What a blast: Outcome 1 & 2

What does the Law of the Conservation of Matter state?

That matter (mass) can neither be created nor destroyed.

In chemical equations, the mass of the reactants must equal...

The mass of the products, regardless of whether the change is physical or chemical

How do you name simple compounds?

1. Write down the name of the metal (towards the left of the periodic table)

2. Write down the name of the non-metal, changing the ending of the word to -ide

Example - name this compound:

Magnesium + Oxygen =

Answer: Magnesium Oxide

Example - name this compound:

Sodium + Chlorine =

Answer: Sodium chloride

How do you write compounds containing 2 elements + oxygen?

do the exact same except the ending of the non-metal turns to -ate

Example - name this compound:

Nickel + Sulphur + Oxygen

Answer: Nickel Sulphate

Ions

positively and negatively charged atoms

Ionic bonding is when

electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Ionic bonding

When metal and non-metal atoms react together, they need to transfer atoms to fill outer shell and become.

Atoms with incomplete outer electron shells are unstable. By either __________ or _________ electrons, atoms can obtain full electron shells and become stable.

losing & gaining

Atoms that lose electrons have more protons and are hence more ____________ charged.

positively

Atoms that gain electrons, are more ________ charged.

negatively

Covalent bonding is when

atoms share electrons

Covalent bonding

When non-metal atoms react together, they need to gain electrons to fill their outer shell and become.

How can we show covalent and ionic bonding?

Lewis Diagram

Elements arranged vertically:

- groups

- each atom has the same number of electrons on the outermost shell

Elements arranged horizontally:

- periods

- the number of electrons shells an atom has

Acids are...

substances that produce hydronium ions when dissolved in water

Characteristics of acids

- taste sour

- react with many metals to form H2 gas

- are corrosive

- have a chemical formula that begins with H+

Example:

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) = ?

= ZnCl2 + H2

Common acids:

- citric acid, found in fruits & used as a preservative

- lactic acid, found in yogurt, produced by our muscles when they are overworked

- acetic acid, vinegar & used as a preservative

- carbonic acid or phosphoric acid found in soft drinks

Bases are

a substance that produces hydroxide (OH-) when placed in water

Base characteristics:

- taste bitter

- feel slippery

- are corrosive

- have a chemical formula ending in OH-

Common bases:

- ammonia, cleaners & fertilisers

- sodium hydroxide, soaps and drain cleaners

- magnesium hydroxide, ingredient found in antacids

Salts are...

Ions left behind after the H+ and OH- ions form water, combine to form salts.

Forms when negative ions from acid combine with positive ions from the base.

Example:

Acid + Base = ?

Salt + Water

Example:

HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) = ?

KCl(aq) + H2O