6.1-6.4 AP HuG

Urban Sprawl

The expansion of urban area into the surrounding countryside

Price Ceiling

A government imposed limit on the price of a product or services The goal is to reduce the price of a product or service

Urbanization

Migration of people from rural areas to urban areas

Megacity

A city that has more than 10 million or more residents

• Currently located in core countries

  • Trend not expected to last as projections show many cities in the periphery and semiperiphery likely to become megacities

  • Semiperiphery and Periphery countries are continuing to grow as core countries decline

Metacity

An urban areas with more than 20 million or more residents

Informal Settlements

Housing and residential areas that have been built without legal authorization Often lack basic infrastructure, services, and legal protection

• Favelas, Squatter Settlements, Slums

Boomburb

A rapidly growing suburban city that has developed its own unique identity

Exurb

A settlement that exists outside of a suburban area, nut remains connected to the metro area

• Typically have low population density, larger lot sizes, and less goods/services

  • Get them from nearby boomburbs and edge cities rather than driving to the  larger urban area

Edge City

A settlement that has its own economic district and is located on the outskirts of a city/ near a beltway or major highway

• Beltways and highways allow people to quickly travel between different edge cities and access the different goods and services from them

• Often have a high concentration of businesses, shopping centers, and different goods/services

• Many of these people work from home

Urban Sprawl

The unrestricted growth and expansion of an urban or suburban area into the surrounding countryside

Urban Decentralization

The movement of a population away from an urban areas traditional core to peripheral areas

• Resulting in power and money shifting more to peripheral areas

Bid Rent Theory and Spatial Layout

As distance away from CBD increases, price of land decreases

Closer to the CBD see higher building density with expansion occurring up

Places far away are more dispersed and expand out

Homes located further away have yards and access to more green spaces

Places in the CBD cannot expand outwards and build up

As technology, transport, and communication advance, there is more movement towards the suburbs

World City (Global City)

A city that is connected to other cities around the world through a series of networks 

• Communication networks, communication hubs, manufacturing centers, banking, areas of trade.

• These cities have significant influence on global politics, economics, and culture

• Traditionally connected to global markets

• Typically see multinational corporations and stock exchanges

• Tend to have more diverse population

• Often influence each others design, operation, and often collaborate with others to solve large scale problems

EX: New York, London, Paris, Tokyo

Primate City

A city that has twice the population of the next largest city

• A primate city has significant political, economic, and social control over the rest of the country

• Most of the opportunities located in the city

• Residents have a variety of access to goods and services

  • Residents around the country do not, they have to travel farther to receive these

• Countries with a primate city often face unequal economic development

• Causes countries to experience Devolutionary factors as residents become frustrated with uneven development

• Risk of future problems as the country is dependent on the success of one city instead of being able to rely on several

• If something were to happen to the economy of the primate city, it would most likely result in hardship for the entire country as it is dependent on the economic development of the primate city

• EX: Mexico City, Seoul

Rank-Size Rule

The population of a settlement ranked n with be 1/nth of the size of the largest settlement

• EX: United States, Canada, Brazil

• Not just one city that has the majority of economic and social opportunity

  • Reduces time it takes for citizens to get the goods and services they need

  • Decreases dependency the country has one city and the pressure is spread between multiple

Threshold

A minimum number of people that are required to support any good or service

Range

The maximum distance that a consumer is willing to travel for a certain good or service

Central Place Theory

Each hexagon represents an area that served by a central point

• Traditionally a settlement or a business

• The distance from the central point to the edge of the hexagon is the range

Villages surround larger settlements

• This is due to their dependency on other settlements for specialized goods and services

The larger the settlement, the further away it can be from another major urban area

• Likely to have their own services