Music Appreciation Test #1

What problem was the drum set built to solve?

not having many percussionist

When was the foot pedal invented and by who?

1809 by William Ludwig

What kind of drum was the foot pedal first used for?

bassdrum

What did the foot pedal allow drummers to do that they couldn’t easily do before?

allowed percussionist to have access to both hands and play drum with their foot

What 2 drums were added after the bass drum?

Snare drum and Cymbal

On which beat does the Bass/Kick drum play?

1 and 3

On which beat does the Snare drum play?

2 and 4

On which beat does the Cymbal/Ride play?

8th notes

What was Gene Krupa’s drum set?

4 piece kit with bass and snare drums with small tom mounted to bass and larger one on the floor complimented by a Hi-hat and ride, splash and crash cymbals

In which decade were Mylar polyester drum heads first used?

Rock and Roll age

Which material did Mylar polyester drum heads replace?

animal skin drum heads

Why were animal skin drum heads replaced with Mylar polyester drum heads?

allowed Rock and Roll bands to go hard on drums without breaking them

In the rock age, why were drums built to be stronger and louder?

rock genre usually is loud, to be loud the drums need to be hit hard and not break

What was a major development in the evolution of the drum set in 1980’s?

Electronic drum set was invented

What were 2 benefits of the electric drum set invention?

Small and transportable + can be connected to head phones; less disruptive

How old are the oldest primitive flutes found by archaeologists?

43,000 years old

What are the oldest primitive flutes found by archaeologists made of?

bone and ivory

The gibbon, a type of primate found in Southeast Asian rainforests, have been observed doing what as couples?

singing duets together

How does gibbon’s singing duets together seem to affect them as a couple?

are closer; both spatially and in development of habits and behaviors

What is soothing baby talk?

low pitch, descending contour

What is trying to engage baby’s attention baby talk?

higher pitch, ascending contour

What is attempting to maintain baby’s gaze baby talk?

bell shaped contour, rising then falling

What is discouraging baby from negative behavior baby talk?

brief, staccato sounds

In what year is Hurrian Hymn No. 6 believed to have been composed in?

14th century B.C.

What is the oldest complete melody discovered by archaeologists?

Hurrian Hymn No. 6

Where was Hurrian Hymn No. 6 believed to have been discovered?

Ugarit, Syria

What instrument is Hurrian Hymn No. 6 composed of?

9-stringed Lyre

Who is Pythagoras?

Greek philosopher and mathematician

Pythagoras was responsible for the standardization and codification of which musical concept we still use today?

1st standardized music scale

Of the 6 original Greek modes, which 2 do we still use today? What are their modern names?

Ionian and Aeolian(Major + Minor)

What is Pythagoras’s concept of Music of the Spheres?

The entire universe is musical in nature and each planet in solar system has it’s own vibrational frequency, orbit and rotation and together they sound perfectly harmonious.

Why are there so few records of the music of Ancient Greece?

Music wasn’t written often, mostly orally passed from gen. to gen. or made up on the spot.

What is Classicism?

music, art, and literature that is more calm, orderly and “respectable”

What is Romanticism?

music, art, and literature that is more raucous and emotionally charged, typically associated with revelry and drama.

What is Polyphony?

the simultaneous combination of two or more tones or melodic lines

What is Monophony?

a single unaccompanied melodic line of music with no harmony backing it up or multiple people can play at once while it still has 1 harmony

What was the religious sects of Apollo like?

“classical”, played on lyre

What was the religious sects of Dionysus like?

“romantic”, played on aulos-wind instrument like a recorder

Why is music in ancient Greece believed to have been monophonic?

harmony wasn’t invented yet

How did social, political, religious unrest of the early Middle Ages affect the music and art being created?

period was characterized by social, political, and religious unrest and warfare. Made music that reflected their hope for a good afterlife (sad, lower notes)

Was the music in the early Middle Ages religious or secular? Why?

Religious because Church was big part of society

What years were the Renaissance?

1300-1600 C.E.

What were common attitudes regard importance of church and of the common man during the Renaissance?

Church had less power and people were freer to pursue non-religious music and society had less restrictions/strict standards on music than the Middle Ages

How was the Middle Ages different than the Renaissance?

Middle Ages was opposite of Renaissance. Church had more power and society was little/no freedom with non-religious music

How was the MUSIC in the Middle Ages different than in the Renaissance?

low notes and not very happy, little/no freedom with non-religious music. Renaissance had light notes, joyous sound to it. More freedom with non-religious music.

Hurrian Hymn No. 6 was developed by who?

Anonymous

The Ancient greek song Epitaph of Seikilos was developed by who?

Seikilos

A Gregorian Chant song Kyrie Eleison was developed by who?

Anonymous

The Gregorian Chant song Nunc Aperuit Nobis was developed by who?

Hildegard of Bingen

The Renaissance Mass Excerpt , Agnus Dei was developed by who?

Palestrina

What is out first experience with rhythm?

beating of mothers heart

How old are the earliest know drums?

8-9 thousand years old

Where were the earliest drums discovered?

China and Mesopotamia

When were the earliest drums built in Mesopotamia?

roughly 5500 B.C.

What important inventions did the oldest drums in Mesopotamia predate?

concept of civilizations as we know it

When were the earliest drums discovered in Egypt?

4000 B.C.

Which 2 important pieces of Egyptian did the earliest drums in Egypt predate?

hieroglyphics and pyramids

What materials were used to make the earliest drums?

Mammal/reptile skin, hallowed out shell, animal vines as suspension

Before ropes, what material was used to hold drum heads taut?

animal vines

What are 7 actions/events/rituals of many ancient cultures that were accompanied by drums and rhythm?

War, public communication, weddings, funerals, religious rituals, dances, shamans plunge themselves into trace-like state to access spiritual worlds

What is the idea of magical rhythm “ruling the world” in ancient myths?

forges order from chaos and creating familiar structure of reality

What is the first theory of how drums came to Europe?

came from Middle East around the dawn of Greek Civilization

What is the second theory of how drums came to Europe?

came from Africa by Greeks who went to Africa and saw drums and liked them

What did the Roman Empire use drums for?

military use(send signals, intimidate enemy, raise troop morale)