Numerical and Analytical Ability Review

Practice flashcards covering Numerical Ability (Algebra, Geometry), Analytical Logic, Verbal Ability (Vocabulary), and General Information (Constitution, RA 6713, Human Rights, and Environment) based on lecture notes.

Linear Equations

Mathematical statements like $2x + 3y = 13$ and $4x - y = 5$ where variables are solved to find specific values.

Quadratic Equation

An equation in the form $x^2 - 7x + 10 = 0$ that can be solved by factoring into $(x-2)(x-5) = 0$.

Selling Price (with loss)

Calculated from the cost price minus the loss percentage; e.g., a selling price of $2,400$ with a $20\%$ loss implies a cost price of $3,000$.

Compound Interest

Interest calculated on the principal and the accumulated interest, such as $5,000$ at $10\%$ for $2$ years resulting in $1,050$.

Area of a Circle

Calculated using the formula $A = \pi r^2$; for $r = 14$ and $\pi = 22/7$, the area is $616$.

Perimeter of a Rectangle

Calculated as $2(L + W)$; for a length of $18$ and width of $12$, the perimeter is $60$.

Volume of a Cube

Calculated as $s^3$; for a side of $8$, the volume is $512$.

Assumption

An underlying premise or unstated belief in an argument, such as assuming 'Training improves performance' if one states that regular trainees perform better.

Conclusion

A logical deduction based on provided premises, such as concluding John must have undergone ethics training if all civil servants are required to do so.

Relationship of Analogy

A comparison between two pairs of words to identify a common logical link, such as Teacher: School :: Doctor: Hospital.

Subjunctive Mood

A grammatical mood used for wishes or hypothetical statements, correctly expressed as 'I wish I were taller' rather than 'I wish I was taller.'

Dangling Modifier

An error where a modifying phrase is not clearly related to the word it modifies; e.g., 'Walking down the street, the flowers were beautiful.'

Obfuscate

To confuse or make something unclear.

Ephemeral

Fleeting or short-lived; the opposite of permanent.

Perfidious

Treacherous, disloyal, or unfaithful.

Gregarious

Sociable or outgoing; the opposite of shy.

Munificent

Very generous or liberal in giving.

Inscrutable

Mysterious or impossible to understand or interpret.

Taciturn

Silent, reserved, or uncommunicative in speech.

Recalcitrant

Stubbornly resistant to authority or control.

Mendacious

Given to lying or characterized by deception.

Right to Equal Protection

Guarantees similar treatment to all persons similarly situated and precludes arbitrary discrimination.

Right to Privacy

Defined as the right to be free from unwarranted publicity.

Ex Post Facto Law

A law that punishes an act which was not a crime when it was committed; prohibited by the Constitution.

Conflict of Interest

Arises when a public official has a private interest that may affect his or her official duty.

SALN (Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Networth)

A required financial disclosure for public officials aimed at transparency and avoiding conflicts of interest.

Simple Living

A norm of conduct for public officials requiring them to avoid extravagant or ostentatious displays of wealth.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

The first international instrument after World War II to articulate a universal framework of human rights.

Structural Violence

Social systems or structures that harm people by creating inequality.

Negative Peace

A state defined strictly by the absence of direct physical violence.

Responsibility to Protect (R2P)

A doctrine emerged in response to genocide and mass atrocities regarding the protection of civilians.

Non-Refoulement

The principle of not expelling or returning refugees to a territory where their life or freedom is threatened.

Sustainable Development

Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Precautionary Principle

Taking preventive action in the face of scientific uncertainty to avoid serious environmental harm.

Tragedy of the Commons

The concept that shared resources are overexploited when used without regulation.

Greenwashing

The practice of companies making misleading or false environmental claims about their products or practices.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Eutrophication

Nutrient overenrichment, often from fertilizers, that leads to oxygen depletion in aquatic systems.

Point Source Pollution

Contaminants that enter the environment from a single identifiable source, such as a factory pipe.

Circular Economy

An economic system designed to eliminate waste and keep materials in use.