Worms and Flukes (Helminthes)

Roundworms also called what?

Nematodes

Flatworms also called what?

Cestodes

Most significant flukes in water? Blood flukes

Trematodes

Three types of Nematodes

1. Giant roundworm

2. Hookworm

3. Whipworm

Small visible white roundworm, humans are the only host for entire life cycle

Pinworms (Enterobious vermicularis)

In order for pinworms to lay eggs what must happen? why?

Emerge from anus and lay eggs because they need oxygen

Where are pinworms found?

Urban areas

Medication for pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)?

Pyrantel

Large worm, humans only host, most abundant in the tropics. Lung migration

Nematode / Giant roundworm

Regions of the world that use human fertilizer are at risk of what worm from consuming vegetables

Nematode Roundworm

Common round worm infections are from what?

Contaminated soil

How do roundworms colonize?

Hatch in small intestine, larvae burrow through the wall and into lungs

Worm that eggs and larvae mature in soil, and then the motile larvae penetrate skin.

Hookworm

How do hookworms injure?

Attach and suck blood

Hookworm infection can be acquired by going into where?

Walking into latrines

Where do Hookworm normally get into skin?

In the foot, cause intense itching (ground itch)

3-5 cm long worms

Whipworm

Whip worms thread their body “esophagus” into what?

the mucosa of the colon

How long do Whip worms live in hosts? do they migrate?

4 years, No lung migration

Unique helminth that can replicate in the host

Threadworm

Medication for Hookworms (Necator americanus)

Mebendazole

Medication for Whipworms (Trichus trichuria)

Bendazole + ivermectin

Medication for Common Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricodes)

Mebendazole