[GERI-YUH] CH I: the aging population/overview of aging

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comorbidity

simultaneous presence of multiple chronic conditions

compression of morbidity

hypothesis that serious illness and decline can be delayed or postponed so that an extended life expectancy results in more functional, healthy years

life expectancy

length of time that a person can be predicted to live

life span

maximum years that a person has the potential to live

time of Confucius

Historically, societies have viewed their elder members in a variety of ways. In the _____, there was a direct correlation between a person’s age and the degree of respect to which he or she was entitled.

early Egyptians

Historically, societies have viewed their elder members in a variety of ways. The ____ dreaded growing old and experimented with a variety of potions and schemes to maintain their youth.

early Greeks

Historically, societies have viewed their elder members in a variety of ways. Opinions were divided among the _____.

Plato

Historically, societies have viewed their elder members in a variety of ways. _____ promoted older adults as society’s best leaders.

Aristotle

Historically, societies have viewed their elder members in a variety of ways. _____ denied older people any role in governmental matters.

Honor your father and your mother—Exodus 20:12

And, woven throughout the Bible is God’s concern for the well-being of the family and desire for people to respect elders by what passage & chapter and verse?

Poor Laws

England developed _____ in the early 17th century that provided care for the destitute and enabled older persons without family resources to have some modest safety net.

Industrial Revolution

Many of the gains from England’s early 17th century law were lost during when?

Federal Old Age Insurance Law; 1935

First significant step in improving the lives of older Americans was the passage of the _____ under the Social Security Act in _____, which provided some financial security for older persons. What law and what year was it passed?

1960s

Profound “graying” of the population started to be realized in what year/s?

1. Administration on Aging

2. Older Americans Act

3. Medicare [Title 18 of Social Security Act [SSA]]

4. Medicaid [Title 18 of Social Security Act [SSA]]

With the profound graying of the population, United States responded with 4 programs in 1965. What are these?

1. Pension laws passed in some states

What program/s occurred in 1900 under Publicly Supported Programs of Benefit to Older Americans?

1. Social Security Act

What program/s occurred in 1935 under Publicly Supported Programs of Benefit to Older Americans?

1. 1st White House Conference on Aging

What program/s occurred in 1961 under Publicly Supported Programs of Benefit to Older Americans?

1. Administration on Aging

2. Older Americans Act

3. Medicare [Title 18 of Social Security Act [SSA]]

4. Medicaid [Title 18 of Social Security Act [SSA]]

What program/s occurred in 1965 under Publicly Supported Programs of Benefit to Older Americans?

1. Supplemental Security income [SSI] enacted

What program/s occurred in 1972 under Publicly Supported Programs of Benefit to Older Americans?

1. Omnibus Budget Reconcilation Act [nursing home reform law] implemented

What program/s occurred in 1991 under Publicly Supported Programs of Benefit to Older Americans?

1. Youngest-old: 65 to 74 years

2. Middle-old: 75 to 84 years

3. Oldest-old: 85+

Older individuals can be further categorized into 3. Give category and age range.

functional age

_____ is a term used by gerontologists to describe physical, psychological, and social function.

perceived age

_____ is another term that is used to describe how people estimate a person’s age based on appearance.

age identity

How people feel or perceive their own age is described as _____.

increasing life expectancy

Currently, persons older than 65 years represent more than 16% of the population in the United States. This growth of the older adult population is due in part to _____.

1. Advancements in disease control and health technology

2. Lower infant and child mortality rates

3. Improved sanitation

4. Better living conditions

Factors that contribute to increased life expectancy for most Americans include:

James 🍟 [Fries]

Who made and advanced the hypothesis called the compression of morbidity?

Social Security

_____: A benefit check paid to retired workers of specific minimum age (e.g., 65 years), disabled workers of any age, and spouses and minor children of those workers. Benefits are not dependent on financial need. It is intended to serve as supplement to other sources of income in retirement.

1. retired workers of specific minimum age (e.g., 65 years)

2. disabled workers of any age

3. spouses and minor children of those workers.

Social Security is a benefit check paid to who?

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

_____: A benefit check paid to persons over age 65 and/or persons with disabilities based on financial need.

1. persons over age 65

2. persons with disabilities

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a benefit check based on financial need and paid to who?

1. Inpatient hospital care

2. Skilled nursing facility [SNF] care

3. Home health care

4. Hospice care

Medicare Part A provides inpatient/hospital coverage & consists of what services?

1. Provider services

2. Durable medical equipment [DME] [walkers, wheelchairs, oxygen tanks] You may

3. Home health services

4. Ambulance services

5. Preventive services

6. Therapy services

7. Mental health services

8. X-rays

9. Lab tests

10. Chiropractic care

11. Select prescription drugs, including:

    1. immunosuppressant drugs

    2. anti-cancer drugs

    3. anti-emetic drugs

    4. dialysis drugs

    5. drugs typically administered by physician

Medicare Part B provides outpatient/medical coverage & consists of what services?

1. Inpatient hospital care

2. Skilled nursing facility [SNF] care

3. Home health care

4. Hospice care

5. Provider services

6. Durable medical equipment [DME] [walkers, wheelchairs, oxygen tanks] You may

7. Home health services

8. Ambulance services

9. Preventive services

10. Therapy services

11. Mental health services

12. X-rays

13. Lab tests

14. Chiropractic care

15. Select prescription drugs, including:

    1. immunosuppressant drugs

    2. anti-cancer drugs

    3. anti-emetic drugs

    4. dialysis drugs

    5. drugs typically administered by physician

basically all Medicare Part A and B services

Medicare Part C offers an alternate way to receive Medicare benefits & consists of what services?

1. HIV/AIDS treatments

2. Antidepressants

3. Antipsychotic medications

4. Anticonvulsive treatments for seizure disorders

5. Immunosuppressant drugs

6. Anticancer drugs [unless covered by Part B]

7. Vaccines [unless covered by Part B]

Medicare Part D provides prescription coverage & consists of what services?

1. Hypertension

2. High cholesterol

3. Arthritis

4. Ischemic heart disease

5. Diabetes

6. Chronic kidney disease

7. Heart failure

8. Depression

9. Alzheimer’s disease and dementia

10. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

10 leading chronic conditions affecting population aged 65 years and older include?

8

In 10 Leading Chronic Conditions Affecting Population Aged 65 Years and Older, what rank is depression?

7

In 10 Leading Chronic Conditions Affecting Population Aged 65 Years and Older, what rank is heart failure?

2

In 10 Leading Chronic Conditions Affecting Population Aged 65 Years and Older, what rank is high cholesterol?

4

In 10 Leading Chronic Conditions Affecting Population Aged 65 Years and Older, what rank is ischemic heart disease?

1. Heart diseases

2. Malignant neoplasms

3. Chronic lower respiratory diseasess

4. CVD

5. Alzheimer’s disease

6. DM

7. Accidents [unintentional injury]

8. Influenza, pneumonia

9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis

10. Parkinson’s disease

10 leading causes of death for persons 65 years of age and older include:

3

In 10 Leading Causes of Death for Persons 65 Years of Age and Older, what rank is chronic lower respiratory distress?

1

In 10 Leading Causes of Death for Persons 65 Years of Age and Older, what rank is heart diseases?

6

In 10 Leading Causes of Death for Persons 65 Years of Age and Older, what rank is diabetes mellitus?

10

In 10 Leading Causes of Death for Persons 65 Years of Age and Older, what rank is Parkinson’s disease?

1946 and 1964

Baby boomers are born between what years?

jeopardize the welfare of older adults

Gerontological nurses need to be advocates in ensuring that cost-containment efforts do not?