Memory (Amnesia)
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26 Terms
Information processing model
used by psychologist to explain how we receive, interpret and respond to information
Flow of information
input, processing, output
Input
Sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell
Processing
the operation we perform on sensory information in the brain
Output
the prices of using fats after it has been received
Memory
is the ability to take in information, encode it; store it and retrieve it at a later time
Encoding
the process of coding the information into a form that can be used and stored by the brain
Storage
the retention of information that has been successfully encoded in our memory system
Retrieval
the process of recalling information
How is information processed
it is encoded, stored and then retrieved
Acoustic encoding
the process of storing sounds
Visual encoding
the process of storing something seen
Semantic encoding
the process of storing the meaning of information
What are the two memory stores
short term memory and long term memory
Short term memory store
Capacity 5-9 items, duration of 18 seconds, acoustic encoding
Chunking
seperate prices of information combined into a larger piece
Displacement
when STM becomes fulls, new information pushes out older information
Decay
memory fades due to passage of time
Interference
when new information overwrites older information
Long term memory store
Capacity is unlimited, duration is a lifetime, encoding mainly semantic
Retrieval failure
we cannot find the memory because we have lost the link
Amnesia
the condition characterized by memory loss due to damage to the brain
Anterograde amnesia
When short memory remains intact but new memories cannot be formed. It is typical for patients to be able to recall events from before the injury
Retrograde amnesia
Affects the recall of memories prior to a brain injury
Henry Molaison
he could not create new memories and could not remember experiences from the past
Hippocampus
an area of the brain required to transfer memories from STM to LTM