Stem Cells

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13 Terms

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Stem Cell

Cells that can divide over and over again to produce new cells and can change into other types of cells.

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Self-Renewal

The ability of a stem cell to copy itself, maintaining the stem cell pool.

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Differentiation (in stem cells)

The process by which a stem cell specializes into a specific type of cell (e.g., muscle cell, nerve cell) and replaces dead or damaged cells.

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Totipotent Stem Cells

Stem cells that can divide into all cell types in an organism, having the potential to create an entire, complete organism. (Toti= whole, potent = ability to differentiate)

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Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells that can differentiate into all possible types of specialized cells in the body (but not a whole organism); found in embryonic stem cells.

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Multipotent Stem Cells

Stem cells that can only change into some cells in the body, not any cell. Develop into multiple specialised cell types present in a specific tissue or organ.

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Unipotent Stem Cells

Stem cells that can only make one type of cell; example: epidermal stem cells.

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Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Pluripotent stem cells found in the inner cell mass of a blastocyst which can supply new cells for an embryo as it grows.

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Tissue/Adult Stem Cells

Multipotent stem cells that supply new cells as an organism grows and to replace cells that get damaged; found in bone marrow.

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS cells)

Stem cells that scientists make in the laboratory by reprogramming normal adult cells to become pluripotent stem cells, behaving like embryonic stem cells.

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Blastocyst

A very early embryo containing the inner cell mass from which embryonic stem cells are derived.

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Inner Cell Mass

The cells inside the blastocyst from which embryonic stem cells are taken.

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Epidermal Stem Cells

Unipotent stem cells found deep under the first layer of skin that renew and differentiate to replace older skin.