DNA structure

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleotide

A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon (deoxyribose) sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Deoxyribose sugar

sugar used in DNA to make up the "backbone"

Complementary Base to Adenine

Thymine

Complementary Base to Cytosine

Guanine

Double Helix

shape of the DNA molecule

Watson and Crick

Developed an accurate model of DNA

Gene

A section of DNA that codes for a trait

Deoxyribose

A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides

DNA Back Bone

Made from Phosphate and Deoxiribose

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain many genes

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

nucleic acid

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

covalent bond

the type of bond that hold nucleotides together

hydrogen bond

the type of bond that holds the two sides of DNA together

RNA

single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

AUGC

RNA bases

Helicase

enzyme that unzips DNA

Primase

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to start DNA replication

leading strand

The new continuous complementary DNA strand made with one primer

lagging strand

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments

Ligase

enzyme that glues okazaki fragments together