VOCA 19 Whole

immunity

noun: a situation in which you are protected against disease or from legal action

dissipated

adjective: spending too much time enjoying physical pleasures and harmful activities such as drinking a lot of alcohol

commitment

noun: a promise or firm decision to do something

escalated

verb: to become or make something become greater or more serious

obsession

noun: something or someone that you think about all the time

matured

adjective: mature people behave like adults in a way that shows they are well developed emotionally

resistance

noun: the act of fighting against something that is attacking you, or refusing to accept something

degenerated

verb: to become worse in quality

knowledge

noun: understanding of or information about a subject that you get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people generally

conversant

adjective: to be familiar with, and have knowledge or experience of the facts or rules of something

disinterested

adjective: having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore free to act fairly

deficient

adjective: not having enough of

egotistical

adjective: thinking only about yourself and considering yourself better and more important than other people

communal

adjective: belonging to or used by a group of people rather than one single person

reciprocity

noun: behaviour in which two people or groups of people give each other help and advantages

flexibility

noun: the ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation

conviction

noun: the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty

analysis

noun: the act of studying or examining something in detail, in order to discover or understand more about it, or your opinion and judgment after doing this

dearth

noun: an amount or supply that is not large enough

diminution

noun: reduction in size or importance

spate

noun: a larger number of events than usual, especially unpleasant ones, happening at about the same time

disruption

noun: the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected

jumble

noun: an untidy and confused mixture of things, feelings, or ideas

stability

noun: a situation in which something is not likely to move or change

plethora

noun: a very large amount of something, especially a larger amount than you need, want, or can deal with

erosion

noun: the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind

scattering

noun: a small number or amount of things in a particular area

uniformity

noun: the quality or fact of being the same, or of not changing or being different in any way

fastidiousness

noun: the fact of giving too much attention to small details and wanting everything to be correct and perfect

verve

noun: great energy and enthusiasm

lassitude

noun: physical or mental tiredness

verbosity

noun: the quality of being verbose, using too many words

trepidation

noun: fear or worry about what is going to happen

texture

noun: the quality of something that can be decided by touch, for example whether it is rough or smooth, or soft or hard

shape

noun: the particular physical form or appearance of something

core

noun: the basic and most important part of something

rhythm

noun: a strong pattern of sounds, words, or musical notes that is used in music, poetry, and dancing

circumference

noun: the outside edge of an area or object that is round or curved, or the length of this edge

supporters

noun: someone who supports a particular idea, group, or person

critics

noun: someone who says that they do not approve of someone or something

proponents

noun: a person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action

detractors

noun: someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly

antagonists

noun: a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone

adversary

noun: an enemy

observer

noun: someone who is just there to watch an official examination of the accounts of a business and to produce a report

auditor

noun: someone whose job is to carry out an official examination of the accounts of a business and to produce a report

creditors

noun: the amounts in a company's accounts that show money that it owes, for example to suppliers

regression

noun: a return to a previous and less advanced or worse state, condition, or way of behaving

severity

noun: seriousness

stigma

noun: a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair

aridity

noun: the state of being very dry and without enough rain for plants

predictability

noun: the state of knowing what something is like, when something will happen, etc.

controversy

noun: a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people

yield

verb: to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information

prosperity

noun: the state of being successful and having a lot of money

flourish

verb: to grow or develop successfully

discrimination

noun: treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their race, gender, sexuality, etc.

splinter

noun: a small, sharp, broken piece of wood, glass, plastic, or similar material

participation

noun: the fact that you take part or become involved in something

disperse

verb: to spread across or move away over a large area, or to make something do this

adversity

noun: a difficult or unpleasant situation

triumph

noun: a very great success, achievement, or victory, or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this

peremptory

adjective: expecting to be obeyed immediately and without any questions

astute

adjective: able to understand a situation quickly and see how to take advantage of it

deferential

adjective: polite and showing respect

perfunctory

adjective: done quickly, without taking care or interest

caustic

adjective: a caustic chemical burns or destroys things, especially anything made of living cells

incur

verb: to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken

recant

verb: to announce in public that your past beliefs or statements were wrong and that you no longer agree with them

circumvent

verb: to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally

exacerbate

verb: to make something that is already bad even worse

deprecate

verb: to not approve of something or say that you do not approve of something

impartiality

noun: the fact of not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument

objective

noun: something that you plan to do or achieve

equivocation

noun: a way of speaking that is intentionally not clear and is confusing to other people, especially to hide the truth, or something said in this way

unpredictable

adjective: likely to change suddenly and without reason and therefore not able to be predicted or depended on

compassion

noun: a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them

ruthless

adjective: not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others; cruel

diplomacy

noun: the management of relationships between countries

altruistic

adjective: showing a wish to help or bring advantages to others, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself

miscalculation

noun: a calculation that has not been done correctly, or the act of calculating something wrongly

incredulous

adjective: not wanting or not able to believe something, and usually showing this

beholden

adjective: feeling you have a duty to someone because they have done something for you

habituated

adjective: used to something, especially something unpleasant

entitled

verb: feeling that you have the right to do or have what you want without having to work for it or deserve it, just because of who you are

cloying

adjective: tasting or smelling too sweet and therefore unpleasant

craven

adjective: very cowardly

forcible

adjective: forcible actions involve the use of physical power or of violence

dramatic

adjective: very sudden or noticeable, or full of action and excitement

voluntary

adjective: done, made, or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it

particular

adjective: special, or this and not any other

intricate

adjective: having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way

mosaic

noun: a pattern or picture made using many small pieces of coloured stone or glass, or the activity or method of making these

blockade

noun: the situation in which a country or place is surrounded by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out

chisel

noun: a tool with a long metal blade that has a sharp edge for cutting wood, stone, etc.

pathway

noun: a track that a person can walk along

palette

noun: a thin board with curved edges and a hole for your thumb, used by artists to mix their paints on while they are painting

deflects

verb: to change direction after hitting something, or to cause something to do this

deduces

verb: to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts

disputes

noun: an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between workers and employers or two countries with a common border