3.6 Shaping the New Republic

George Washington as 1st President establishes some precedents

cabinet (sec of War: Knox, sec of Treasury: Hamilton, Sec of state: Jefferson, Judicial dept: John Jay)

2 terms

Farewell Address: warned of political parties and entangling alliances

Judiciary Act

Foreign Policy issues during GW’s presidency

French Revolution: Issues Proclamation of Neutrality

Impressment: Jay’s Treaty

Right of Deposit in port of New Orleans (controlled by Spain): Pickney’s treaty

Jay’s Treaty

It was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain. It dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River. It was unpopular with most Americans because it did not punish Britain for the attacks on neutral American ships (impressment)

Proclamation of Neutrality

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

Edmund Genet (citizen Genet)

French diplomat, hoped to persuade Americans to honor their 1778 military alliance with France during French Rev

infuriated GW

Pickney’s Treaty

Spain granted the Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to deposit in the port of New Orleans and the large disputed territory north of Florida (established a boundary)

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Designed to pay off the U.S.'s war debts and stabilize the economy, he believed that the United States should become a leading international commercial power. His programs included the creation of the National Bank, the establishment of the U.S.'s credit rate by assuming all state debt and creating a national debt, a protective tariff to safeguard our young industries (did not pass) , and an excise tax on whiskey.

\*\*Highly contested and you start seeing the emergence of 2 party system

\*\*compromise was the capital would be built in South

Domestic Issues during GW presidency

Indian resistance in Ohio River valley (Battle of Fallen Timbers)

Whiskey Rebellion

Battle of Fallen Timbers

led by general anthony wayne, the u.s. army defeated a confederacy of native american peoples; resulted in the treaty of greenville in which the chiefs surrendered claims to the ohio territory

Whiskey Rebellion

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. Strong federal govt squashed rebellion

Judiciary Act 1789

Established a federal court system. determined that these federal courts would have the power to reverse state decisions

1st Supreme Court Justice: John Jay

Washington’s Farewell Address

warned of entangling alliances and creating political parties

John Adams (2nd Pres)

Federalist/ Pro-British

GW’s Vice President

First Political Party System

Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

Federalists

pro-British, led by Hamilton

advocated for a strong central govt, favored industrialization, urban and elite interests

Democratic Republicans

pro-French, led by Jefferson and Madison

advocated for states rights, favored rural and agricultural interests

Adams foreign policy issues

French impressment: XYZ Affair

which led to passing Alien and Sedition Acts and repsonse to that the KY & VA Resolutions.

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats to open up talks

Alien and Sedition Acts

acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government

KY & VA Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.