Chapter 1 test - Alison Vallecillos Auxume
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53 Terms
Technology
The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Criteria
The set standard on which a solution can be based.
Constrains
Limitations that a design or solution must stay within.
Trade-off
Is an exchange for one thing in return for another.
Engineering Design Process
A method used to develop or improve technology
Designing solutions
Brainstorming solutions and afterwards selecting the best few
Define and delimit problem
Identifying the criteria and constraints a solution must meet in order to solve the problem.
Risks
The unfavorable effects of the solution.
Optimizing design solutions
Building a prototype and testing it to see how it works in different locations and areas. The data collected from testing will help refine the final product.
Cost benefit analysis
Cost-benefit analysis is a way to compare the costs and benefits of an intervention, where both are expressed in monetary units.
Environmental design
Type of process that helps crate spaces that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing, but the goal is to promote a sustainable relationship between people and the environment.
Decision Matrix
A table that compares possible solutions against each other based on criteria and constrains.
Environmental Engineering
A field of study where engineering is applied to the environment. Engineers analyze the impact a solution could have on society, technology, and the environment.
Life cycle analysis
Analysis where the cost of the materials and energy used to produce, distribute, use, and dispose of the product is considered.
Ecological Succession
The sequence of biotic changes that creates a community in a previously uninhabited
Resistance
The ability of an ecosystem to resist change from a disturbance
Density - dependent factors
Factors that are affected by the number of individuals in an area.
Density - independent factors
Factors that can impact a population regardless of its density
Resilience
The ability of an ecosystem to bounce back after a disturbance
Benefits
The favorable effects of the solution.
Stable ecosystem
Can bounce back from a “normal” disturbance.
Ecological Niche
An environment that includes everything that the organism needs to survive and reproduce.
Abiotic conditions
the range of the air temperature and the amount of water the species can tolerate
Predation
When one organism captures and eats another organism
Biodiversity hotspot
Is an area with high levels of biodiversity
Density
How much matter in a given space
Population Dispersion
How many organisms separate themselves within a population
Population Density
How many individuals living in a given space
Genetic Diversity
How much variation in DNA is among a group of species
Primary succession
When an ecosystem is created from bare rock
Disturbance
Refers to anything that causes change to the environment
Exponential growth
When any groups of organisms has an ideal amount of resources like food, water, space, etc. will rapidly increase in size.
Logistic growth
Occurs when populations are running low on resources
Carrying Capacity
The maximum number of individuals that environment can sustain and support
Secondary Succession
When an ecosystem is developed on bare soil
System
A set of interacting components or parts
Input
What goes into a system
Output
What goes into a system
Isolated system
Inputs and outputs are contained
Risks
The unfavorable effects of the solution.
Clumped
Occurs when resources are spread unevenly
Uniform
Occurs when individuals compete
Random
When individuals are spread randomly
Competition
When an organism competes for limited resources
Symbiosis
relationship between different organisms like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
Iterative
Using repeating steps.
Prototype
The first build of a design and may not be built to scale or with the final materials.
Boundaries
The space of the system, to separate that system from the rest of the universe.
Feedback
Information from one step of a cycle that acts to change the behavior of previous of a cycle.
Closed system
The flow of inputs and outputs are limited. (Only energy is exchanged).
Levels in Ecosystem
Organism, population, community ecosystem, biome, biosphere
Benefits
The favorable effects of the solution.