Characteristics of phobias, depression, and OCD

What does the DSM stand for?

• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Name two uses of the DSM?

• Diagnostic criteria for mental illness

• Tool for classification and treatment planning

What type of disorder is depression?

• A mood disorder

What are the two types of depression?

• Major depressive disorder

• Manic depression (bipolar disorder)

What are the behavioural symptoms of depression?

• Sleep issues

• Appetite changes

• Pain

• Social withdrawal

• Loss of energy

What are the cognitive symptoms of depression?

• Negative self-beliefs

• Poor concentration

• Suicidal thoughts

• Difficulty making decisions

What are the emotional symptoms of depression?

• Sadness

• Hopelessness

• Anhedonia (loss of interest/pleasure)

According to the DSM, how many symptoms are needed to diagnose depression?

• At least five symptoms present nearly every day for two weeks.

What is a phobia?

• An irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Name three types of phobias.

• Specific phobia

• Agoraphobia

• Social anxiety disorder

What are the cognitive characteristics of phobias?

• Irrational beliefs

• Difficulty concentrating due to anxiety.

What are the behavioural characteristics of phobias?

• Avoidance

• Panic responses

What are the physical symptoms of phobias?

• Increased heart rate

• Muscle tension

What are the emotional characteristics of phobias?

• Anxiety

• Fear

• Distress

List the DSM criteria for diagnosing a phobia.

• Fear lasts 6+ months

• Anxiety response to stimulus

• Out of proportion to actual danger

• Avoidance

• Disrupts daily life

What are the two parts of OCD?

• Obsessions (thoughts)

• Compulsions (behaviours)

What are obsessions in OCD?

• Unwanted, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety

What are compulsions in OCD?

• Repetitive behaviours meant to reduce anxiety

What are common OCD behaviours?

• Checking

• Contamination

• Hoarding

• Symmetry and orderliness

What are the cognitive symptoms of OCD?

• Persistent intrusive thoughts

• Awareness that obsessions are irrational

What are the behavioural symptoms of OCD?

• Repetitive compulsions

• Avoidance

What are the emotional symptoms of OCD?

• Anxiety

• Distress

• Shame