APUSH period 3 review

1754-1800

why did the french and indian war begin?

both english and french claimed the upper ohio river valley

what is the albany plan of union?

proposed ben franklin the colonies work together to fight the french, failed but introduced the idea of unity (join or die cartoon - snake cut into pieces)

what happened in the treat of paris of 1763?

this treaty followed the french and indian war, France relinquished control of the territories in the ohio river valley

why did england end salutary neglect?

because they wanted to make more money by strictly regulating the trading practices of the colonies to ensure they only traded with england (so that they could pay off the war)

what happened in pontiac’s rebellion?

native american tribes united to rise u against colonists settling in Ohio valley, led to proclamation of 1763

what is the proclamation of 1763? how did american colonists react? why?

banned colonists from settling out on the frontier because of the native americans living there already; GB couldnt afford to help them defend themselves against native americans. this angered the colonists and they rebelled by not following this. wh

what is the difference between virtual and actual representation?

actual representation - having an actual person in Parliament

virtual - shows parliament is thinking about america when they make laws, so americans dont need a representative in parliament

what was the sugar act? how did american colonists react? why?

tax on sugar; only affected merchants; not much reaction by everyone else

what was the quartering act? how did american colonists react? why?

colonists had to allow british soldiers to stay in their home; not happy because they dont like british soldiers

what was the stamp act? how did american colonists react? why?

tax on documents, playing cards, newspapers, etc.; americans furious; boycotted and protested; stamp act congress met to discuss boycotts, sons and daughters of liberty formed; “no taxation without representatoin”; later repealed

what was the declaratory act?

GB said they still had the rights to tax the colonists

what were committees of correspondence?

committees that wrote letters to other members throughout the colonies about GB; bettered communication between colonies

who were the sons of liberty? who were the daughters of liberty?

sons - a radical group of men that were against the british government; they organized protests like the boston tea party and tar and feathered people

daughters - were the women who led the boycotts/nonimportation

what are the townsend acts?

taxed glass, lead, paper, paint, tea; boycotted by colonists; later repealed except for tea

what happened in the boston massacre?

began as a street brawl between colonists and british soldiers and escalated. a group of british soldiers ended up killing 5 colonistsThis event heightened tensions between Britain and the colonies, fueling anti-British sentiments and propaganda.

what was the tea act?

east india company was failing, lowered tax on tea to get people to buy it; people still mad

what happened in the boston tea party?

led by sam adams; tea thrown into the harbor; boston punished with the intolerable acts

what were the intolerable acts?

meant to punish the colonists for the boston tea party; shut down the boston harbor; replaced town meetings with a military governor; prevented british officials from being tried in boston for crimes; also inputwhat a new quartering act which forced colonists to house british soldiers

what happened in the first continental congress?

congress reinforced no taxation w/o representation and boycotts; stress republicanism (people participate in government)and emphasized the need for colonial unity against British oppression.

what happened in the second continental congress?

olive branch petition, appointed GW as the head of the continental army

what is common sense? who wrote it? why is it important?

a pamphlet written by Thoman Paine; used the common language of the people; helped people understand the reasons for independence; widely read by the colonists

what is the declaration of indepdence? what major points did it make?

statement that states the grievances that britain caused america; life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; america was separating fro GB; left out women, african americans, native americans

who are the patriots?

pro-independence, anti-GB, anti-king

who are the loyalists?

pro-GB, pro-king, anti-independence

what are the advantages/disadvantages of british?

had organized government, money, trained army and navy but did not have motivation to fight (hired hessians), far away from the colonies

what are the advantages/disadvantages of the colonists?

knew the land, had motivation to fight, got french help but did not have strong government, money, established army and navy

what role did women play in the revolutionary war?

helped work the homes and were nurses (abigail adams - remember the ladies)

why did americans win the revolutionary war?

fighting spirit of the colonists, got help from france and spain

what did the treaty of paris 1783 say?

british must recognize us independence and establish their borders

what happened to slavery after the revolution?

gradually abolished in the north, but not in the south; atlantic slave trade to end in 1808

what were the main characteristics of state constitutions after the revolution?

had separate branches of government, included bill of rights

what is republican motherhood?

mothers’ roles are to be in the household and raise their children to be good republicans

how did the revolution influence global revoltuions?

they saw that this was possible; revolution in france and haiti

why did the articles of confederation not create a strong federal government?

afraid of the government becoming too powerful like the british king

what are the characteristics of articles of confederation?

only legislative branch - power to declare war, request money and army from state government; no executive branch or judicial branch, state governments have the power

what were the successes of the articles of confederation?

northwest ordinance - plan for organizing territories into new states, did not allow slavery into territory

what were the weaknesses of the articles of confederation?

very weak central government and the government couldnt make people pay taxes; also couldnt raise an army; made US look stupid in the eyes of the world

what happened in shays’ rebellion? what did this lead to?

farmers in MA rebelled because they did not want to pay their taxes; federal government could not put rebellion down - showed weakness in the federal government under the articles

why did the constitutional convention meet?

they met to dicuss the articles; white, elite men who distrusted mob rule

what was the NJ plan?

what was the VA plan?

great compromise?

NJ plan - proposed equal representation in congress

VA plan - proposed population based representation in congress

compromise - established the senate and the house of reps, a mix of both

what was the 3/5 compromise?

solved the issue of how slaved should be accounted in terms of population; they were counted as 3/5 of a white person

how is the president elected according to the constitution?

electoral college; shows founding fathers distrust of the people

who were the federalists? what were their argument?

wanted a strong federal government, needed to fix the problems under the articles, created separation of powers and check and balances to make sure that no one branch had all the power

who were the anti-federalists? what was their argument?

did not like the constitution, they were afraid the federal government had too much power, wanted state’s rights and wanted a bill of rights to protect individual rights

how did the bill of rights help the ratification debate?

anti-federalists more likely to support the constitution

federalism

state/federal government have different powers

checks and balances

legislative/executive/judicial branch check eachother so one doesnt get to much power

separation of powers

powers are divided into legislative, judicial, and executive branches

what is the cabinet?

the president’s main advisors, created by GW; included secretary of state, secretary of treasury

why does jefferson support the french in the french revolution? who sided with him?

he was a francophile and like french revolution; democratic republicans (anti-federalists) side with him

why doesnt hamilton want to support the french? who sided with him?

hamilton likes trade and wants to trade with GB; federalists side with him

what was washington’s proclamation of neutrality?

stay out of war involving GB and france

what was hamilton’s financial plan?

tax on whiskey to raise money to pay off debts; create a national bank; tariff to raise revenue; assumption of state debts (led to DC becoming the capital bc southern states already paid off debts

what is loose/strict construction of the constitution? how does this apply to the debate on the national bank?

loose construction - broader interpretation of the constitution, there are implied powers

strict - exactly following the constitution;

there was nothing in the constitution about the national bank, but hamilton thought it was implied; jefferson said you cant have a national bank because it wasnt specifically stated in the constitution

what was the whiskey rebellion? how was it different from shays’ rebellion?

PA farmers rebelled bc of whiskey tax; GW led an army to stop it - shows the power of the federal government

what did jay’s treaty say? was it effective?

attempted to resolve issues with GB taking american ships and sailors but ended up being a trade agreement; people were angry

what did pinckney’s treaty say? was it effective?

between US and spain; resolved territorial disputes, US can use Mississippi River; it was effective

what was the treaty of greenville ? was it effective?

native american tribes can hunt within US lands; it was not effective - US quickly nullified the agreement

what are the main ideas of the federalist party?

central government, national bank, tariffs, Britain, industry

Hamilton, Adams, wealthy, NE

what are the main ideas of the democratic-republicans?

state powers, hate national bank, farmers, French

jefferson, Madison, South/west/farmers

what does GW say in his farewell address?

neutrality - stay neutral in foreign affairs

no political parties - would cause conflict

unity - dont put your sectional or geographical interests before your country

what was the XYZ affair?

the french asked US ambassadors for money in order for the US ambassadors to see France’s foreign minister

what was the quasi-war with france?

an unofficial war declared against france that sparked the construction of the US navy and warships; war was fought at sea and was very brief

what were the alien and sedition acts? why were they passed?

made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen, non-citizens can be deported, and people could not speak out against the government

passed to target dissent in the quasi-war with france and to silence dem-reps

what were the kentucky and virginia resolutions?

nullified the alien and sedition acts (led by Tj and madison)

how did american develop a unique american identity during this time?

american revolutionary art and writing, defining identity separate from GB